尿铀监测在内照射个人剂量估算中的应用  

Application of urine uranium monitoring in internal dose assessment

作　　者：王秀琴[1] 姜霞[1] 刘占旗[1] 张文庆[1] 杨雪[1] 田宇[1] 马如维[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国辐射防护研究院,太原030006

出　　处：《中华放射医学与防护杂志》2015年第12期931-935,共5页Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection

摘　　要：目的 探讨尿铀监测估算内照射个人剂量的适用条件,为核工业职业卫生管理和核燃料单位开展尿铀监测提供参考.方法 使用模拟计算的方法,分别推导了急性和慢性摄入铀化合物,致个人有效剂量分别为1 mSv/次和1 mSv/年时的尿铀水平,并以某厂无职业接触史职工上岗前尿铀监测结果为例,分析尿铀监测用于个人剂量估算的适用条件.结果 对于急性摄入的特殊监测,使用液体荧光法尿铀监测可以满足F类铀化合物、M类低浓铀和S类天然铀的探测限要求;对于常规监测,在监测周期较短时,仅F类低浓铀和M类天然铀可以满足探测限的要求,S类铀化合物不适宜将尿铀作为常规监测.结论 尿铀监测用于内照射个人剂量监测的评价或结果解释时,需考虑尿中铀本底含量的影响及监测方法的探测限要求.Objective To explore the applicable conditions for using urine uranium monitoring data to assess personal internal doses with a view to providing references for the occupational health management and the urine uranium monitoring in nuclear industry sector.Methods The urine uranium levels were calculated, through simulation calculation set at 1 mSv effective dose arising from either acute or chronic ingestion of uranium compounds.The results were compared with the monitoring values of workers without occupational exposure history.The feasibility of urine uranium monitoring for dose assessment of internal radiation exposure was discussed.Results For special monitoring of acute ingestion, liquid fluorimetry can meet monitoring requirements of Type F uranium compound, Type M low enriched uranium and Type S naturally occurring uranium.For routine monitoring, only Type F low enriched uranium and Type M naturally occurring uranium can be detected at shorter monitoring intervals, But it was not suitable for Type S uranium compounds.Conclusions Background levels and detection limits should be considered when urine uranium is measured for the purpose of assessment or control of exposure to uranium and the interpretation of the results.

关 键 词：铀化合物 尿铀监测 内照射个人剂量估算 

分 类 号：R144[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]