诺贝尔自然科学奖对我国高等教育的启示  

Enlightenment of Nobel Science Prize to Chinese Higher Education

作　　者：崔芬萍[1] 裴世鑫[1] 孙婷婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,南京210044

出　　处：《阅江学刊》2015年第6期64-73,共10页Yuejiang Academic Journal

基　　金：南京信息工程大学2015年校级教学改革课题"大学物理‘微课’建设及应用研究"(2015JY041);南京信息工程大学物理与光电工程学院教学建设与改革提升工程项目"诺贝尔自然科学奖对高校物理学类专业建设的启示"(2014009)

摘　　要：对1901—2015年诺贝尔化学奖、物理学奖、生理学或医学奖的颁奖次数、授奖人次、人均获奖成果数量、获奖人的年龄分布、国籍分布等情况进行统计。诺贝尔自然科学奖得主的国籍分布变化在很大程度上体现了世界科学活动中心的转移,以二战为界,世界科学活动的中心从欧洲转移到了美国。制定合理的人才政策,创建高水平的研究平台,吸引优秀的科研人才是当前我国高校提升教研质量的必由之路。诺贝尔自然科学奖得主取得获奖成果时的年龄一般为28—47岁,因此,高校必须特别注重对中青年教师的培养。诺贝尔自然科学奖的人均获奖成果量呈明显下降趋势,这种变化是科学研究开放性的体现。高校必须不断强化国际交流与合作,提升教师尤其是中青年教师的国际化水平,培养学生的团队合作精神。Statistics analyze the times,prize winners,alumni achievements as well as the winners＇ ages distribution and the nationalities who were awarded Nobel Prize in chemistry,physics,physiology or medicine which awarded in the period of 1901-2015. The factors of Nobel Natural Science prize winners＇ nationality,age and per capita amount of achievements were analyzed largely depending on the transfer of world center of science. Before World War Ⅱ,the world center of scientific activity had been transferred from Europe to the United States. The development of rational personnel policy which creates high-level research platform to attract outstanding scientific talents to our country is the only way for colleges and universities to enhance the quality of teaching and research. The ages of Nobel Science Prize winners showed a normal distribution,the age mainly focusing on 46-65 years old,the age when awarding achievements is generally 28-47 years. In college teaching and administration,we must pay special attention on training for young teachers. The per capita amount of the award-winning achievements of the Nobel Prize in Science shows a downward trend,which reflected scientific openness. Schools of higher learning should pay attention to the development of young and middle-aged teachers,expanding and deepening nationality exchanges, enhancing teachers＇ internationalization level and students＇ ability of team works.

关 键 词：诺贝尔自然科学奖 高等教育 教学改革 世界科学活动中心的转移 国际学术合作 

分 类 号：G647[文化科学—高等教育学] G321[文化科学—教育学]