除草剂催熟对油菜籽粒产量品质及残留量的影响  

Herbicides artificial ripening effects on yield,quality and residues in rapeseed( Brassica napus L. )

作　　者：姜福元[1] 段志红[1] 肖长惜[1] 蒯婕 朱浩[2] 左青松[2] 周广生[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业厅,湖北武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2015年第6期820-826,共7页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2013BAD20B06,2014BAD11B03);油菜现代产业体系项目(NYCYTC-00510);公益性行业专项(201203096);高校自主科技创新基金(2013PY001)

摘　　要：为探究除草剂催熟对油菜籽粒产量、品质及残留量的影响,选用华油杂62常规种植,于角果七成熟时(终花后35d)进行除草剂(草甘膦、百草枯和苯磺隆)催熟处理,分别在7d及14d后调查角果层含水量、千粒重、含油量、籽粒除草剂残留量。结果表明:(1)随除草剂催熟后天数的增加(处理7d至14d后),角果层含水量持续下降,且显著低于对照,下降幅度随除草剂浓度增加而增加;3种除草剂中,百草枯对角果层含水量影响最大,草甘膦次之,苯磺隆对其影响最小。(2)除草剂催熟处理后,油菜粒重及含油量均下降,且上层角果粒重降幅高于中、下层角果;随除草剂浓度增加,产量和含油量降幅增大;3种除草剂中,以百草枯对籽粒产量和产油量影响最大。(3)百草枯(2、4、6m L·L^(-1))处理后7d和14d,籽粒农药残留均超国家标准,苯磺隆(0.1、0.2、0.3g·L^(-1))处理后7d和14d,0.2、0.3g·L^(-1)处理下残留量超国家标准;草甘膦在3种用量条件下(2.5、5、7.5m L·L^(-1)),7d和14d均未检测出残留。角果期(终花后35d)用除草剂催熟,导致籽粒产量、含油量下降,部分存在农药残留。因此,油菜机械化收获过程中,如采用除草剂进行催熟应考虑除草剂种类、用量对油菜产量、产油量及籽粒中药剂残留量的影响,确保除草剂安全、高效施用。综合考虑油菜经济效益和食品安全,油菜机械化生产中,角果期不适宜采用上述除草剂进行催熟。Herbicide effects on yield,quality and residues were studied on rapeseed（ Brassica napus L.）.Different types and concentrations of herbicides were applied on whole plants at 35 d after end- flowering. Water content,seed weight,oil content,yield and herbicides residues were investigated. Results showed that：（ 1） Herbicides decreased plant water content after 7d of spray. Silique water content continued to decrease after 14 d of treatment,and it decreased with herbicides concentrations. The order of herbicide effects on silique water content was paraquat glyphosate tribenuron- methyl 7d after spray,and was paraquat glyphosate ribenuron- methyl 14 d after spray.（ 2） Herbicides decreased seed weight and oil content which further reduced seed and oil yield.The decreasing rate was the highest on the top layer of the canopy. Seed and oil yields decreased more at higher herbicide concentrations. Among the 3 herbicides,paraquat led the most decrease.（ 3） Paraquat and tribenuron-methyl had been detected in seed after ripening. Among them,paraquat level exceeded the national standard considerably. In summary,to meet the requirement of mechanized production and oil safety of rapeseed,the above 3herbicides were not suggested to apply at silique maturity stage.

关 键 词：油菜 除草剂 催熟 产量 残留量 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]