丝核菌(Rhizoctonia spp.)对花生的为害及病原学研究  

Harm and etioloty of Rhizoctonia on peanuts

作　　者：鄢洪海[1] 张茹琴[1] 迟玉成[2] 徐曼琳[2] 夏淑春[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学与植物保护学院,山东青岛266109 [2]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2015年第6期862-867,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：山东省科技发展项目(2009GG10009022);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2011CL005);山东省"泰山学者"建设工程专项(BS2009NY040)

摘　　要：为了明确区分花生叶腐病、纹枯病、立枯病和果壳褐斑病症状特点,并了解丝核菌（Rhizoctonia spp.）对花生的为害和发病规律,采用PDA、WA培养基分离及纯化病原菌,显微观察其形态特征,采用涂抹和菌饼法接种测定其致病性,并通过菌丝融合群和r DNA-ITS同源性分析研究了不同病原菌之间的亲缘关系。结果表明：花生叶腐病菌、纹枯病菌和立枯病菌菌丝粗壮,平均直径6.8-9.4μm,多核,无锁状联合,近直角分枝,分枝处缢缩,分枝不远处常伴有分隔,具典型的立枯丝核菌R.solani特征。但三种病菌菌株之间没发现菌丝相互完全融合现象,表明它们并不相同。菌丝融合群和分子生物学测定结果表明：花生叶腐病菌是AG-1-IA,花生立枯病菌是AG-1-IC,花生纹枯病菌是AG-4;而花生果壳褐斑病菌为双核丝核菌,具体种类有待进一步确定。In order to define Rhizoctonia pathogens causing peanut leaf rot,sheath blight,damping- off and shell brown spot,and to explore these diseases development,medium WA and PDA were used to isolate and purify the strains,and microscope was used to observe their morphological characteristics. Genetic relationship among Rhizoctonia pathogens were conducted by determining their hyphal fusion and r DNA- ITS homology analysis. The results showed that,hyphae of the pathogens causing peanut leaf rot,sheath blight and damping- off had typical features with that of Rhizoctonia solani. The average hyphae diameter was 6. 8- 9. 4μm wide,its hyphal cells were multinucleate. No clamp connection was observed. The hyphae were tended to branch at right angles and a septum was near hyphal branch and a slight construction at the branch. No hyphal fusion was observed between the three Rhizoctonia strains,Thus the three pathogens were not the same. The pathogens causing peanut leaf rot,damping- off and sheath blight were AG- 1- IA,AG- 1- IC and AG- 4 respectively. The pathogen causing peanut shell brown spot was dual- nucleate Rhizoctonia spp.,which needed further identification.

关 键 词：花生病害 丝核菌 菌丝融合群 ITS同源性 病原关系 

分 类 号：S435.652[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]