施加木霉可湿性粉剂对冬小麦田间生长的影响  

Impact of Trichoderma wettable powder application on winter wheat field growth

作　　者：吴晓青[1] 赵忠娟[1] 李哲[1] 扈进冬[1] 赵晓燕[1] 王贻莲[1] 黄玉杰[1] 李纪顺[1] 杨合同[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省科学院中日友好生物技术研究中心山东应用微生物重点实验室,山东济南250014 [2]山东理工大学生命科学学院,山东淄博255049

出　　处：《山东科学》2015年第6期35-42,共8页Shandong Science

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项(2014FY120900);山东省中青年科学家科研奖励基金(BS2015SW029);山东省科技发展计划(2014GSF121028);山东省科学院青年基金(2014QN019)

摘　　要：木霉菌剂具有生物肥料的促生增产作用,是评价其作用功效的重要指标,但木霉的促生增产作用较少在大田环境下进行评价。本研究采用三种不同功能的木霉可湿性粉剂处理冬小麦,平板稀释法计数统计各生长期木霉在土壤中的定殖动态。统计冬小麦出苗数和苗期生物量,在发病季节统计冬小麦纹枯病、条锈病和白粉病的发病率,并在收获期精细脱粒统计产量。发现三种木霉都能在田间土壤中定殖并在小麦生长季内保持活性,其中收获期前土壤中T11-W的含量保持相对较高,而收获期时土壤中Tr01的含量最高。结果表明,LTR-2菌剂使出苗数提高了120.97%,苗期生物量提高了54.59%,拔节期对纹枯病病情缓解了16.60%、对条锈病缓解了35.14%,收获期增产了4.83%。T11-W菌剂使出苗数提高了146.77%,苗期生物量提高了59.43%,拔节期对纹枯病和条锈病的防治有消极作用,但收获期增产了37.79%。Tr01菌剂使出苗数提高了150.00%,对苗期生物量无明显作用,拔节期对纹枯病缓解了36.49%、对条锈病病情的缓解无积极作用。三种菌剂对冬小麦的生长有不同程度的促进作用,具有推广应用价值。该研究为木霉生防菌剂的研发提供了数据依据。Trichoderma agent has promotion effect to biofertilizer, which is an important index to evaluate the efficacy of biofertilizer. However, its growth promoting effect is rarely evaluated in field conditions. We applied three Trichoderma agents with different functionalities to the processing for winter wheat, and plate dilution method to calculation of its colony numbers in earth. We also calculated seedling numbers and seedling period biomass of winter wheat, epiphytotic morbidity and yield of winter wheat. All three Trichoderma agents could successfully colonize and remain active in the whole growth season. T! !-W content was relatively higher in pre-harvest soil. Tro1 content was the highest at harvest time. Results show that LTR-2 improves seedling emergence of 120.97%, seedling biomass of 54.59%, reduces wheat sharp eyespot disease index of 16.60%, wheat stripe rust disease index of 35.14%, and increases yield of 4.83%. T11-W can increase seedling emergence of 146. 77%, seedling biomass of 59. 54%, but has negative effects toprevention and treatment of controlled diseases and increases yield of 37.79%. TrOt can increase seedling emergence of 150.00%, has no significant effect to seedling biomass. It can reduce wheat sharp eyespotof 36.49%, but has no positive effect to the reduction of wheat stripe rust. The three Trichoderma agents have different promotion effects to the growth of winter wheat, so they have promotional application value. ~ur research provides data for research and development of Trichoderma agent.

关 键 词：木霉可湿性粉剂 冬小麦 田间试验 促生作用 提高产量 

分 类 号：Q939.96[生物学—微生物学]