塔里木沙漠公路防护林土壤团聚体特征  

Study on Soil Aggregates of the Desert Highway Shelterbelt in Tarim

作　　者：沈芳宇 王永东[1] 李生宇[1] 徐新文[1] 赵容怀 贾萌萌[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国石油天然气股份有限公司塔里木油田分公司,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2015年第5期910-917,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271341;41030530);中国石油天然气股份有限公司塔里木油田分公司综合项目(971012080007)共同资助

摘　　要：通过野外采样与室内分析相结合的方法,对塔里木沙漠公路5个不同种植年限防护林0-20 cm土层土壤团聚体的组成及稳定性进行了研究。结果表明：1干筛处理下,各土层〉0.25 mm风干团聚体含量在33.35-280.48 g·kg-1,其中〉5 mm粒级在土壤风干团聚体占主导地位,其含量占41.56%-70.09%;5-2 mm粒级次之,占6.58%-34.88%;1-0.5 mm粒级含量最少,仅为1.66%-5.46%。湿筛处理下,各土层〉0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量在0.21-72.54 g·kg-1,不同粒级含量占水稳性团聚体总量的比例基本随粒径的减小而降低。2在0-20 cm土层中,流沙地没有形成团聚体,但随着种植年限从7 a增加到18 a,土壤风干团聚体含量从69.94g·kg-1增加到159.88 g·kg-1,水稳性团聚体含量从0.41 g·kg-1增加到60.84 g·kg-1,防护林的种植促进了流动风沙土的成土过程。3随种植年限的增加,〉0.25 mm风干/水稳性团聚体含量〔SDA/WSA（〉0.25 mm）〕、平均重量直径（MWD）和几何平均直径（GMD）都有增加的趋势,且这些指标间的相关性均达到极显著水平（P〈0.01）。4可分别用〉2 mm风干团聚体含量和〉1 mm水稳性团聚体含量来表征防护林土壤团聚体的机械稳定性和水稳定性。防护林的建设有利于流动风沙土地区土壤团聚体的形成,使团聚体在土体内均匀分布,团聚体的机械稳定性和水稳定性得到提高,促进流动风沙土的成土过程。In order to understand the composition and stability of soil aggregates of Desert Highway shelterbelt in Tarim,soils of 0-20 cm in 5 different planting age＇s shelterbelt were analyzed through field sampling and laboratory analysis. Dry sieving method and wet sieving method were used in this study. The results showed that： 1 Under the condition of dry sieve,the content of 0. 25 mm air drying soil aggregates is between 33. 35-280. 38 g·kg-1in different layers,and the 5 mm aggregate is predominant in different layers,about 41. 56%-70. 09%; the5-2 mm aggregate comes second,about 6. 58%-34. 88%,the 1-0. 5 mm aggregate content was the lowest,only1. 66%-5. 46%. Under the condition of wet sieve,the content of 0. 25 mm water-stable aggregates is between0. 21-72. 54 g·kg-1in different layers,and the change of soil aggregates decreased with the decreasing of particle size for all planting age＇s shelterbelt. 2 With the increasing of shelterbelt planting years,the content of air drying soil aggregates increased from 69. 94 g ·kg-1to 159. 88 g ·kg-1,and the content of water-stable aggregates increased from 0. 41g·kg-1to 60. 84 g·kg-1in 0-20 cm soil layer,while there is no aggregate formation in quicksand. Shelterbelt plantation promoted the formation of aeolian sandy soil. 3 With the increasing of planting years,the content of 0. 25 mm air drying soil aggregates（ SDA 0. 25 mm） and water-stable aggregates（ WSA 025 mm）,mean weight diameter（ MWD） and geometric mean diameter（ GMD） of soil aggregates increased,and the correlation between these parameters are significant（ P〈 0. 01）. 4 The content of 2 mm air drying soil aggregates can be used to characterize the mechanical stability of soil aggregates in the shelterbelt soil; and the content of 1 mm water-stable aggregates can be used to characterize the water-stability of soil aggregates in the shelterbelt soil. Planting shelterbelt on aeolian sandy soil along Tarim Desert Highway could increase the formation of soil aggregates,promote the aggregat

关 键 词：防护林 土壤团聚体 组成 稳定性 塔里木沙漠公路 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学]