深共熔溶剂的生物催化应用  

The Applications of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Biocatalysis

作　　者：鲁超[1] 苏二正[1] 魏东芝[2] Alexander M.Klibanov 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学轻工科学与工程学院,江苏南京210037 [2]华东理工大学生物反应器工程国家重点实验室,上海200237 [3]麻省理工学院化学系,麻省剑桥02139

出　　处：《分子催化》2015年第4期390-401,共12页Journal of Molecular Catalysis(China)

基　　金：江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD);生物反应器工程国家重点实验室开放课题

摘　　要：在绿色化学研究领域,溶剂占据着重要的位置.作为一个绿色溶剂必须满足廉价易得、可生物降解、无毒、可循环使用、无挥发性等标准的要求.但是至今能满足这些要求的溶剂仍然非常有限.近年来,深共熔溶剂(Deep Eutectic Solvents,DESs)被认为可以作为绿色溶剂替代传统的有机溶剂而受到广泛关注.DESs是由两个或多个成分在特定比例下形成的凝固点大大降低室温液态混合物.与离子液体相比,DESs具有廉价、低毒、可生物降解等特点,在许多领域成为研究热点.我们综述了DESs的生物降解性、毒性/细胞毒性及其作为生物催化反应介质的研究现状.基于对研究现状的认识,对DESs未来研究、应用需要解决的问题进行了讨论.作者期望对DESs生物催化应用研究现状的综述更进一步促进DESs研究、应用的发展.Within the framework of green chemistry,solvents occupy a strategic place. To be qualified as a green medium,the solvent has to meet different criteria such as availability,non-toxicity,biodegradability,recyclability,flammability,and low price among others. Up to now,the number of available green solvents is rather limited. In recent years,deep eutectic solvents（ DESs） have been considered green solvent alternatives to conventional solvents and have attracted considerable attention. DESs are defined as a mixture of two or more components,which may be solid or liquid and that at a particular composition present a high melting point depression becoming liquids at room temperature. DESs are considered as a new class of ionic liquids（ ILs）. Comparing to traditional ILs,DESs are low-toxic,biodegradable,the price is generally low and their performances can be adjusted. Owing to these remarkable advantages,DESs are now of growing interest in many fields of research. This paper summarizes the toxicity and biodegradability of DESs,and the applications of DESs in biocatalysis. Future perspectives on the major directions toward the research on DESs are also discussed. This work is expected to be helpful for the further development of DESs based on a summary of the research in the field of biocatalysis.

关 键 词：绿色化学 深共熔溶剂 毒性 生物催化 

分 类 号：O643.32[理学—物理化学]