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机构地区:[1]西南财经大学经济学院,四川成都611130 [2]成都工业学院经济与管理学院,四川成都611730
出 处:《经济管理》2016年第1期147-156,共10页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基 金:国家社会科学基金重点项目"我国煤炭产量增长极限与煤炭资源可持续利用问题研究"(12AJY002)
摘 要:近十多年来,中国经济的快速发展拉动了对能源的需求,导致煤炭消费量不断上升,2013年煤炭消费量达到36.7亿吨的天量,给国内资源与环境形成了巨大的压力。自2009年以来,煤炭进口量迅猛增长,国外煤炭的供给已经成为中国能源体系中必不可少的组成部分。虽然中国经济进入周期性调整时期,能源与煤炭的需求有所下降,但从长远来看,煤炭供给的压力仍然很大。目前,中国煤炭的主要进口国,如印尼、越南等的煤炭供给均不可持续,而澳大利亚运输距离较远,运输成本较高。但是,与中国毗邻的东北亚三国:俄罗斯(远东地区)、蒙古和朝鲜均是煤炭资源密集区。该区域不仅煤炭资源储量丰富,并且距中国运距短,运输成本低,但中国从这些国家的煤炭进口量却相对很少。从经济利益和效用最大化的角度看,建立和拓展东北亚煤炭供给圈能给相关国家均带来更大的福利。本文同时提出中国能源国际战略的新思维,即在与东北亚有关国家的合作中,以煤炭开发为切入点,扩大相关产业的合作,推动产业链的延伸,促进东北亚经济一体化的形成。在推动相关经贸发展的同时,扩大政治、文化等方面的交流,增强中国的影响力、亲和力,塑造良好的国际形象。In the past decade, the high economic growth of China has driven the demand for energy so as to make the coal consumption reach to 3.67 billion ton in 2013-an astronomical data and thus exert a great pressure to resource and environment. Since 2009, the coal import has increased greatly year by year, so that the coal import becomes the essential part of the energy supply system of China. Nevertheless, at present, the major coal importer of China, such as Indonesia, Vietnam, etc. are not sustainable, and the coal from Australian involves long distance transport and higher transportation costs. However, the three nations: Russia (Far East), Mongolia and North Korea nearby China in Northeast Asia are the coal resource-intensive areas. The region is not only rich in coal reserves but also a short distance away from China with low transportation costs, but China's coal imports from these countries is relatively small. From the perspective of utility maximization of economic benefits, to build and expand coal supply Circle of Northeast Asian will bring greater benefit to all the countries concerned. This paper will also propose a new idea of China's international energy strategy : in cooperation with relevant countries in North- east Asia, taking coal development as a starting point to expand the cooperation in related industries, to promote the extension of industrial chain, promoting the formation of the Northeast Asian economic integration ; while promoting economic and trade-related development, expanding exchanges in political, cultural and other aspects, and to en- hance China's influence, affinity, to create a good international image for China. In the long term, it is still not optimistic for the supply of coal and is significant to maintain the stability of the overseas coal supply channels for the sustainable development of China's economy. Firstly, according to BP Statistical Yearbook of the world, by the end of 2013, the ratio of coal reserve-production was only 31 years in China (while t
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