高效生物诱导玉米单倍体及加倍方法的研究  

Bio-haploid inducing and doubling methods for maize(Zea mays L.)

作　　者：孙贵星 张野[1] 李洋[1] 董莹[1] 张艳辉[1] 王立萍[1] 徐新[1] 杨伟光[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学农学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第1期68-72,80,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家"863计划"项目(2011AA10A103);国家科技计划项目(2011BAD35B01);农业部"948"项目(2011-G1-21)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨高效的玉米单倍体诱导和加倍方法。【方法】以北方春玉米区高抗茎腐病的自交系Z99和高感茎腐病的自交系R120的杂交F1代为母本，以5个诱导系（Y601~Y605）为父本，进行单倍体杂交诱导试验;以秋水仙素作为玉米单倍体人工染色体加倍药剂，采取4种处理方法（浸种法、浸芽法、滴心叶法、注射法），每种方法设置3个质量浓度梯度（0.1，0.3和0.5 mg/mL）进行单倍体加倍试验。【结果】单倍体诱导试验表明,延迟授粉（长花丝≥8 cm）的平均单倍体诱导率为17.4%，约为正常授粉（短花丝≤4 cm）条件下的3.3倍；伏后授粉的诱导率平均为18.9%，约为伏期授粉的3.3倍。秋水仙素加倍试验中浸种法对植株伤害较严重,存活率低于50%;注射法（0.5 mg/mL）和滴心叶法（0.3 mg/mL）的散粉率较高（46.9%，28.3%），相应的结实率也较高（14.6%，10.9%）。【结论】花丝长短和授粉时间对玉米单倍体诱导率有重要影响，延迟授粉时间和较低的温度有利于提高单倍体诱导率；秋水仙素加倍玉米单倍体时注射法处理效果最好，滴心叶法次之。[Objective] This study aimed to obtain suitable methods for maize haploid inducing and dou- bling. [Method] Using the F1 generation hybrids of high resistance head smut inbred line Z99 and high sense of stem rot inbred line R120 in north corn region as female parent and 5 haploid inducer （Y601 Y605） released by Northeast Agricultural University as male parent, maize haploid inducing test was con- ducted. Using colchicine as maize haploid artificial chromosome doubling agents, four approaches （dipping seed method,dipping bud method,dipping heart leaf method,and injection method） were tested with three concentration gradients each （0.1,0.3 ,and 0.5 mg/mL）. [Result] The maize haploid inducing rate of lon- ger silk （ ~8 cm ） pollination was 17.4% on average,about 3.3 times of that of shorter silk （44 cm） pol lination. Haploid inducing rate of late summer pollination was 18.9% on average,about 3.3 times of that of middle summer pollination. In the four haploid colchicine doubling treatments, the plant survival rate of dipping seed method was lower than 50%. Injection （0. 5 mg/mL） and dipping heart leaf （0. 3 mg/ml.） methods had high fertile rates of 46.9% and 28.3% and seed rates of 14.6% and 10. 9%,respectively. [Conclusion] The haploid inducing rate was significantly influenced by the silk length and pollination date.Late pollination and low temperature would increase haploid inducing frequency. Injection method and dip- ping heart leaf method were good for chromosome doubling.

关 键 词：玉米 单倍体 诱导率 加倍率 

分 类 号：S513.032[农业科学—作物学]