不同含水量苜蓿干草捆内真菌种类比较研究  

A comparative study on fungal species in alfalfa hay bales with different water contents

作　　者：刘香萍[1] 杨智明[1] 曲善民[1] 杜广明[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016年第1期33-34,38,258,259,共5页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家级星火计划项目"北方寒区优质苜蓿高效生产技术与示范"(2014GA670008)

摘　　要：为了研究不同含水量苜蓿干草捆在贮藏初期所含真菌的种类,对其进行初步的鉴定、比较,试验对初花期刈割的苜蓿进行田间适度晾晒后调制成两种不同含水量苜蓿草捆,打捆时水分含量分别为35.03%(高水分)、17.43%(低水分),于干草打捆后10天取草捆内草样制成菌液并培养、纯化,鉴定其内真菌种类。结果表明:含水量为17.43%的紫花苜蓿干草捆内共检测出4属10种真菌,含水量为35.03%的紫花苜蓿干草捆内共检测出5属24种真菌,高水分干草捆内真菌种类及各菌种数量均明显多于低水分干草捆。两类草捆中所含相同菌种共8种,其中青霉属3种、曲霉属2种、镰孢霉属2种、根霉属1种。说明在苜蓿干草贮藏期间青霉属、曲霉属和镰孢霉属为草捆内主要优势菌属,高水分打捆更有利于各种真菌微生物繁殖、活动。To study the fungus species in alfalfa hay bales with different water contents at the beginning of the storage, the preliminary appraisal and comparison were conducted in this research. Alfalfa was cut at beginning - flower stage, and then modulated to alfalfa hay bales with two different water contents after moderately drying, including 35.03% （high moisture） and 17.43 % （low moisture） when baling, respectively. The bacterial liquids produced at 10 d after taking the samples from alfalfa hay bales, were cultured and purified, and then fungal species were identified. The results showed that 4 genera and 10 species of fungi were detected in alfalfa hay bales with 17.43% of water content, while 5 genera in 24 species of fungi were detected in alfalfa hay bales with 35.03% of water content. Fungus species and number of each species in the hay bales with high moisture were significantly mere than those in the hay bales with low moisture. A tetal of 8 species of the same fungi were detected in the two types of bales, of which 3 species belonged to the Penicillium, 2 species to the Aspergillus, 2 species to the Fusarium, 1 species to the Rhizopus. The results indicate that the Penicillium, Aspergillus and Fusarium are main dominant fungus genera in the bales during the storage of alfalfa hay, and the bales with high moisture are more conducive to reproduction and activities of various fungi.

关 键 词：苜蓿草捆 真菌 种类 青霉属 曲霉属 镰孢霉属 

分 类 号：S816.52[农业科学—饲料科学] S963.223.3[农业科学—畜牧学]