实验室条件下鱼类视角与个体邻近距离关系的探究  

Study on the relationship of fish's vision angle with nearest neighbor distance under laboratory conditions

作　　者：王军 李玉伟[2,3,4] 周应祺[2,3,4] 曹道梅 

机构地区：[1]上海市海洋管理事务中心,上海200050 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [4]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海海洋大学,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2015年第12期1817-1825,共9页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：上海海洋大学科技发展专项(A2-0209-15-200002);上海海洋大学博士科研启动基金(A-0209-13-0105418);浙江省海洋渔业装备技术研究重点实验室资助(MFET201409);上海高校青年教师培养资助计划(A1-2035-14-0010-14);大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室(上海海洋大学)开放基金(A1-0209-15-0503-7)~~

摘　　要：在麦穗鱼鱼群中,随着邻居鱼的靠拢,其影像在本鱼眼睛中占的视角会变大。为了进一步探究其他的鱼群是否也存在相同的规律,本实验选用个体体长较小的喜成群的红吻半线脂鲤[由30尾组成,平均体长:(20.3±0.2)mm]作为对比研究对象,将其放置在水深5 cm的水族缸(78.0 cm×52.0 cm×65.0 cm)中,使用摄像机从正上方拍摄鱼群影像。逐幅提取鱼群影像中各个体的头部、质心(近头部1/3处)、尾部的二维数据,经过数据处理,分析视角与NND间的关系。结果表明:1)红吻半线脂鲤与麦穗鱼的视角均集中在80°内,即本鱼观察邻居鱼的视角不大于80°。2)在体长差异较大的两种鱼群中,邻近个体占据本鱼的视野范围不会因为鱼体的增大而增加。3)邻近个体占据本鱼视野的最大视角与二者NND间满足以下关系:xy=A,y为视角(用弧度表示),x为NND(单位:BL),A为常数。该规律适用于麦穗鱼与红吻半线脂鲤群体。4)该关系式表示,当邻居鱼靠近本鱼时,为了避免碰撞,鱼类个体用视角作为控制的主要参数,调整相互距离。研究表明,视觉在起主导作用,而侧线、嗅觉、电感觉、磁感觉等即使起作用,也处于次要的地位。Data showed a rule that the nearest neighbor distance（ NND） decreases as the vision angle of own fish increases in Pseudorasbora parva school. To explore whether other fish schools followthe same rule,30 individuals of Hemigrammus rhodostomus have been selected as a comparative object,which was smaller in body length and their average body length was（ 20. 3 ± 0. 2） mm. The size of the aquarium length,width and height were 78. 0 cm,52. 0 cm and 65. 0 cm respectively. The water depth was 5 cm. A video camera was set up to record the position of fish from overhead of aquarium in lab. Two-dimensional location data of each individual can be selected from the records in time sequence. Two parameters,NND and vision angle,were selected for characterizing the structure and to explore the relationship in different fish schools. Results showthat： 1） the vision angles of P. parva and H. rhodostomus all remained within the 80°,that is,the vision angle of own fish observing the neighbors is not greater than 80°. 2） the vision angle range that neighbor fish occupies the own fish viewdoesn＇t increase as the body length increases in different species fish schools. 3）If NND remains stationary,the maximum vision angle（ neighbor fish occupies the own fish view） and NND have the relationship as yx = A,in which y is for vision angle（ unit： degree）,x is for NND（ unit： BL）,A is a constant and related with body length of individuals. The rule is applicable to P. parva and H. rhodostomus schools. 4） When the NND is minimum between the own fish and neighbor fish,schooling is accomplished and maintained by vision angle. In other words,the vision angle is the main parameter to control the distance between each other and plays a dominant role. Lateral line and other sense organs may have their functions,but they might be less important.

关 键 词：最近邻近距离 视角 鱼群结构 鱼群 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学] S917.4[生物学—普通生物学]