调比控位分层施肥装置设计与试验  

Design and test of adjustable ratio and control position separated layer fertilization device

作　　者：顿国强[1] 陈海涛[1] 冯夷宁 查韶辉 纪文义[1] 李昂[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2015年第12期86-93,共8页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(GARS-04);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(20130311);东北农业大学研究生科技创新基金(yjscx14020)

摘　　要：为满足不同作物生育期养分供应,实现免耕播种作业同时肥料调比控位分层深施,设计由肥料调比分配装置及控位分层施肥开沟器组成调比控位分层施肥装置,通过理论分析及试验确定各关键部件主要参数。肥料均布器结构参数优化试验结果表明,均肥份数为极显著影响,挡杆直径为显著影响,挡杆间距无影响;挡杆直径5 mm,均肥份数16,挡杆间距8 mm,试验指标合格指数0.884,肥料均布器均肥效果最佳,优化参数通过试验验证。田间试验结果表明,控位分层施肥开沟器可按照设计要求完成肥料分层施放,实现设计功能。Because the covering of amount stubble and straw, base and complementary fertilizer could not be applied before and after no tillage sowing, it was very important to applied sufficient fertilizer to meet different crops＇ nutrient requirements on the growth duration. Adjustable ratio and control position separated layer fertilization device consist of bevelled tongue outer groove-wheel fertilizer feeder, fertilizer uniform distribution device, fertilizer adjustable ratio device and control position separated layer fertilization furrow opener had been designed, the device had the function to separate the fertilizer in different layer according to setting proportional, meanwhile, main parameters of key parts had been acquired by theory analysis and test. In order to get the optimized structure of fertilizer uniform distribution device, bar diameter, divided number and bar distance was selected as factors, qualified index was selected as index, three factors and three levels orthogonal parameter optimization test had been done, the results indicate that, divided number is significant, bar diameter is notable for qualified index, but bar distance had no effects, qualified index decreased with the increase of divided number and bar diameter, the index qualified index is 0.884 and fertilizer uniform distribution device had the best performance when bar diameter was 5 mm, divided number was 16, bar distance was 8 mm,meanwhile, the optimized parameters has been vedfied by proof test. control position separated layer fertilization furrow opener show that different layer by design requirement and no blocking problem.

关 键 词：农业机械 基肥与种肥 调比控位 分层施肥 设计与试验 

分 类 号：S224.21[农业科学—农业机械化工程]