合成微生物群落及其生物处理应用研究新进展  

Recent progress in studies of synthetic microbial community and its applications in bioengineering

作　　者：张照婧[1] 厉舒祯 邓晔[2] 李会杰[1] 李端行 刘紫嫣[1] 王经伟[1] 沈文丽[1] 马桥[1] 曲媛媛[1] 周集体[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学环境学院,工业生态与环境工程教育部重点实验室,大连116024 [2]中国科学院生态环境中心,中国科学院环境生物技术重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2015年第6期981-986,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21176040);新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-13-0077);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(DUT14YQ107)资助~~

摘　　要：合成微生物群落是合成生物学在微生物群落水平上一个新的研究前沿.本文综述了合成微生物群落的特点、种间相互作用与微生物调控模式,以及其在生物处理领域应用的最新研究进展.合成微生物群落由多种遗传背景完全解析的微生物组成,通过微生物之间的相互作用实现特定功能,具有复杂度低、可控性高、稳定性好等优点.合成微生物群落中存在多种相互作用类型,包括互利共生(协同作用)、偏利共生、寄生或捕食以及竞争.这些相互作用可以通过改变细胞间交流、物种代谢作用以及空间结构等方式进行调控,从而实现对合成群落的改造.近年来,合成微生物群落在生物处理方面应用广泛,主要集中于燃料生产、高附加值化学品合成以及污染物降解等.然而,合成微生物群落中相互作用尚未完全解析,结构与功能同时调控能力有限,因此利用合成生物学、系统生物学以及生物信息学等技术,合理设计和构建稳定高效的合成微生物群落,优化和调控生物处理过程将成为该方向的研究重点.Synt hetic microbial community represents an emerging frontier of synthetic biology at the level of microbial community and their applications have recently gained a lot of interest worldwide. This study reviews the characteristics, interspecies interactions, microbial regulations, and applications of synthetic microbial communities in bioengineering. Synthetic microbial communities, composed of multiple species with well-defined genetic background, can accomplish specific functions through interactions among microorganisms. These syn thetic communities are characterized with low complexity, high controllability and stability. Various interactions may exist in synthetic microbial communities, including mutualism（cooperation）, commensalism, parasitism or predation, and competition. These interactions can be regulated by modifying the cell-cell communication, metabolic pathway and spatial structures, thus achieving engineering of synthetic communities. In the last few years, synthetic microbial communities have b een widely used i n the field of bioprocessing, focusing on fuel production, synthesis of high-value chemicals, and pollutants bioremediation. However, the interactions in synthetic microbial communities have not been fully parsed yet, leaving limited capacity for simultaneous regulating the composition and function of the communities. Therefore, it should be the focus of future research to combine the synthetic biology, systematic biology and bioinformatics to rationally design and fabricate stable and efficient synthetic microbial communities, as well as to optimize and regulate the bioprocesses.

关 键 词：合成微生物群落 种间相互作用 微生物调控 生物处理 

分 类 号：Q938.1[生物学—微生物学] Q939.9