籼稻直立穗突变体R499对群体小气候的影响  

Effects of erect panicle mutant R499 on the microclimate of Indica rice

作　　者：葛中英[1] 杨国涛[1] 张杰[1] 易军[1] 范存留[1] 郭连安[1] 胡运高[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,绵阳621010 [2]四川农业大学水稻研究所,成都611130

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2015年第6期1106-1111,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家科技支持计划(12zgc007);国家政策引导类科技计划及其他专项(12zgc004);四川省育种攻关项目;四川省生物质资源利用与改性工程技术中心开展开放基金项目;四川省岗位专家项目(川农业函[2014]91号);杂交水稻国家重点实验室开放基金项目资助~~

摘　　要：穗型是水稻株型的重要组成部分,研究不同穗型籼稻对群体小气候的影响,为籼稻超高产育种提供理论依据.以弯曲穗型水稻蜀恢498及其通过EMS诱变产生的直立穗型突变体R499为试材,研究不同穗型水稻对群体小气候的影响.结果表明,直立穗突变体R499的穗颈弯曲度小于40°,直立性程度高,其群体小气候明显优于弯曲穗群体.其中,群体中下部通透性存在极显著差异,当外界风速为4.5 m/s时,直立穗群体的中、下部风速较弯曲穗群体高44.44%和27.90%.在冠层以下20-80 cm的范围内直立穗群体的光强度降低速度远小于弯曲穗群体;8:00至16:00中下部直立穗群体的光强度均明显高于弯曲穗群体,可以保证群体中下部叶片的受光率;直立穗群体中下层温度均高于弯曲穗群体,湿度低于弯曲穗群体.由于直立穗与弯曲穗植株性状除穗型外几乎无差异,因此穗型可能是导致突变体和野生型群体小气候之间差异的一个重要因素.Panicle type is an important part of the plant type in rice, but the application of erec t panicle type is rarely studied in Indica rice. With an aim of providing a theoretical basis for the high yield breeding of Indica rice, this research compared the microclimate characteristics of populations of erect and curved panicle types. The effect of different panicle type on the population microclimate was investigated in curved panicle type ri ce Shu Hui 498 and erect panicle mutant R499 of Indica rice. The results showed a much better microclimate in population of erect panicle mutant R499 than in that of curved panicle type. The panicle bending of R499 was less than 40°. The permeability in the middle and lower part of Shu Hui was greatly different from that of R499. When the environmental wind speed was 4.5 m/s, the middle wind speed in R499 was 44.44% higher than that in Shu Hui 498, and the lower wind speed 27.90% higher. The light intensity of 20-80 cm under the canopy decreased in a much slower velocity in the erect panicle type groups than in the curved panicle type groups. Therefore the light intensity among the middle and lower leaves was much higher in the erect panicle groups than in the curved panicle type groups from 8：00 am to 16：00 pm, ensuring greater light-receiving rate of middle and lower leaves in the erect panicle rice groups. The temperatures in the middle and lower part of erect panicle type groups were higher than that of curved panicle type groups, while the humidity was relatively lower. Since the panicle type was the only difference between the two groups, it could be considered as an important factor that leads to the difference in the microclimate characteristics of the Indica rice populations.

关 键 词：直立穗型 群体小气候 通透性 光分布 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]