湿地水深梯度对芦竹(Arundo donax)生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响  

Effects of water depth gradient on growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Arundo donax

作　　者：柏祥[1] 温瑀[1] 魏国印[1] 古小治[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境管理干部学院生态学系,秦皇岛066102 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2015年第6期1157-1161,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金项目(C2015415008);秦皇岛市科技计划项目(201401A306);国家自然科学基金项目(41203064)资助~~

摘　　要：研究水深梯度对湿地植物的影响对于表流湿地的建设和运行、湿地恢复具有重要的指导意义.通过在南四湖人工修复湿地中建造10 cm、50 cm和90 cm水深的种植塘研究水深梯度对湿地植物芦竹生长和叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果显示,芦竹对高水深条件具有一定的适应性,株高随着水深的增加而增加,但其分蘖数、叶长、叶宽、生物量、根系活力和叶绿素含量均逐渐下降,其中分蘖数、叶宽和生物量在不同的水深处理间达到了显著差异(P<0.05);叶绿素荧光特性中除非光化学淬灭(q_N)随水深增加逐渐增加外,PSⅡ的最大光能转换效率(F_v/_Fm)、实际光合速率(Y)、光化学淬灭(q_P)、相对电子传递速率(r_(ETR))以及潜在最大光合速率(r_(ETR(max)))、叶片的捕光能力(α)和对强光的耐受能力(I_k)均逐渐下降.本研究表明,高水深条件在形态、生理和光合作用方面对芦竹的生长产生了不利影响.因此,利用芦竹进行表流湿地建设和运行、湿地恢复时应控制较浅的水位(10 cm)以利于芦竹生长,从而提高表流湿地的效率和加快湿地的恢复进程.Construction and management of surface flow wetland and wetland restoration requires understanding of the effects of environmental factors on wetland plant. This research aimed to study the effects of water depth gradient on the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Arundo donax in wetland. Responses of morphological and physiological parameters（tiller number, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, biomass, root vigor, chlorophyll content） and chlorophyll f luorescence characteristics（chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, rapid light curves, and fitted parameters from rapid light curves） of A. donax were studied at the water depth gradient of 10 cm, 50 cm and 90 cm. The results showed that A. donax had adaptability to high water depth. With the increase of water depth, the plant height increased but other parameters including tiller number, leaf length, leaf width, biomass, root vigor and chlorophyll content all decreased, among which tiller number, leaf width and biomass decreased significantly（P〈 0.05）. Among the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, the maximal light converting efficiency（Fv/Fm）, actual photosynthetic rate（Y）, photochemical quenching（qP）, relative electron transfer rate（rETR）, potential maximal rETR（rETR（max））, light use efficiency（α） and tolerance to intense light（Ik） all decreased with water depth, while non-photochemical quenching（qN） increased. Among these parameters Y, qP, rETR（max） and α decreased significantly. The results indicate that A. donax varies along water depth gradient, with the growth of the plant being negatively affected by high water depth. Therefore, water depth in surface flow wetland should be kept in shallow（10 cm） to benefit the growth of A. donax, which can improve the efficiency of surface flow wetland and accelerate the wetland restoration process.

关 键 词：湿地 水深梯度 芦竹 形态生理参数 叶绿素荧光特性 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学] Q171.4