清代黄河水位量测与洪灾预警制度运作  

Water Level Measurement and Flood Precautions along the Yellow River in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张健[1,2] 满志敏[3] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学西北历史研究所,西安710069 [2]西北大学城市与环境学院,西安710127 [3]复旦大学历史地理研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2015年第3期316-329,共14页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(项目编号:13YJC770064);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(项目编号:13JJD770019);中国博士后科学基金项目(项目编号:2015M572587);陕西省教育厅科学研究计划项目(项目编号:13JK0042)

摘　　要：历史上的水位量测不仅反映了当时水文科技水平,更是灾害应对中一个重要环节。基于对清代黄河陕州万锦滩长时段的水志记录特征识别,及对水志报汛传递体系和黄河防汛管理制度运作的辨析,认为水志报汛体系是传统社会自然灾害积极预警行为的具体表现方式,清代黄河河务管理中细致的修防规定、明确的任务和具体实施措施,深刻揭示了清代黄河流域自然-社会系统中"风险意识-响应方式-环境安全"三者之间的时空协同关系。The historical records of water level measurement not only reflect levels of hydrological science and technology,but also form an important part of disaster response. Based on the recognition of the characteristics of water level change process records of the Wanjintan in the middle reaches of Yellow River,and the management system of flood defense and reporting in the Qing Dynasty,this paper concludes that the system of flood reporting on the basis of water records was a specific way of natural disaster warning behavior actively employed in traditional society. There are a lot of clear requirements in the management records of the Yellow River,such as detailed prevention regulations,specific work tasks and implementation. The research uncovers the relationship of spatiotemporal synergy between risk awareness,human responses and environmental safety and the traditional social system under the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：黄河 水志 水位量测 灾害预警 

分 类 号：TV87[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV882.1