桑及菌根桑在库区消落带的生态重建功能及应用潜力  

Ecological reconstruction function and potential application of mulberry and mycorrhizal mulberry in the Three Gorges Reservoir area

作　　者：刘家艳[1,3] 曹敏[1] 唐许[1] 杨晓红[1] 黄先智[2] 秦俭[2] 

机构地区：[1]南方山地园艺学教育部重点实验室,西南大学农学部园艺园林学院,重庆400716 [2]西南大学蚕学与系统生物学研究所,重庆400716 [3]重庆市南山植物园管理处,重庆400065

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第1期22-29,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-22-ZJ0503);重庆市研究生教育教学改革研究项目(yjg143028)

摘　　要：三峡工程在提供丰富水电资源造福人类的同时,也引发了一些生态环境问题,对库区环境、生物、气候以及人们的生活都产生了不同程度的影响。桑树休眠和生长发育节律与库区水体涨落规律的反向偶联,桑的菌根结构在改善根际土质量,促进桑树水分和养分吸收,增强桑树对盐碱、干旱、重金属的耐受性,提高幼苗的存活率,促进桑苗生长,促进植物群落正向演替等生态过程中发挥着重要的作用。分析了三峡库区消落带周期性水淹的生态特征和岸生植物生态恢复障碍,综述了桑及菌根桑在消落带的生态特性和应用潜力,最后提出了菌根桑生物技术的应用所面临的新课题和挑战。The construction of the Three Gorges Dams in the Yangtze River in the 1990s has induced profound impacts on the environment and biodiversity in the reservoir region, although these hydroelectric dams have supplied an enormous amount of hydropower resources and electricity to all of China. One main example of such environmental effects is the gradual degeneration or death of plants under waterlogging or flooding along the reservoir areas after implementation of the dams. The river banks, which serve as hydro-fluctuation belts, have been annually fluctuated for three to six months at a time, leading to low soil fertility and high erodibility. Meanwhile, some adaptive vegetation with low water-holding capacity has persisted in the drought soil. However, these distinctive characteristics are major restoration obstacles in the hydro- fluctuation belt area, even for plants with strong vitality. Mulberry （Morus alba L. ） , a plant native to China, has not only economic importance to the Chinese silk industry but also ecological benefits to its plantation regions in China. Studies have shown that mulberry trees have strong ecological adaptation ability and ecological restoration potential, as they are able to hold water and prevent soil erosion with their extensive root systems. These traits facilitate mulberry survival in harsh environments, particularly when they have established symbiotic associations with beneficial soil microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi. On the other hand, the application of AM fungi to ecological restoration has beenrecently proposed. In general, AM fungi and their massive underground hyphal networks could enhance the uptake of plant nutrients and water, formation of soil aggregates, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.＇Studies have further shown that AM fungi have significant impacts on the soil microflora community and on plant community compositions. As a result, mulberry trees colonized by AM fungi could have the capacity to improve the soil rhizospher

关 键 词：AM真菌 生态重建 消落带 桑 三峡库区 

分 类 号：S888.2[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]