基于水敏性城市设计的城市水环境污染控制体系研究  

Construction of the urban water environmental pollution control system based on the ecological ideas of water sensitive urban design

作　　者：王晓锋[1,2,3] 刘红[1,3] 袁兴中[1,2,3] 任海庆[1,2,3] 岳俊生[1,2,3] 熊森 

机构地区：[1]煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室,重庆400030 [2]三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400030 [3]重庆大学资源及环境科学学院,重庆400030 [4]三峡库区澎溪河湿地科学实验站,重庆405400

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第1期30-43,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2013ZX07104-004-05);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51278505)

摘　　要：随着城市化进程加快,自然地表被硬化的不透水地面所替代,城市面源污染加剧,城市水环境恶化成为限制城市发展的关键因素。水敏性城市设计(Water Sensitive Urban Design,WSUD)提出从城市设计和生态管理角度实现城市发展与水环境保护的共同目标。综述了WSUD理论内涵、设计原则、技术体系以及隐含在其中的生态学思想,提出当前WSUD理论发展需要进一步完善的技术体系,整合生态学思想以及建立科学的效益评估方法,并与传统生态智慧关联,为WSUD在我国的发展和研究提供科学参考。同时,基于WSUD技术及蕴含于其中的生态智慧,针对三峡库区城市水环境特点和城市面源污染特征,兼顾城市景观优化、生物生境再造、生态服务功能优化与城市建设协同发展,采取生态缓冲、湿地消纳和自然调控相结合的综合防控思路,以水陆界面生态屏障综合控制为主线,根据城市生活区-休闲娱乐区-水陆界面缓冲区3个空间层次,提出城市污染源头-滨湖绿带-生态护坡-基塘湿地-自然消落带多重拦截和消纳的城市水环境污染控制体系,形成三峡库区水敏性城市设计与建设的模版和参考,为三峡库区城市水体污染控制提供科学依据,促进三峡库区水质保护与城市人居环境协同发展。For the first time in history, the majority of the world＇s population is located in urban areas. This milestone marks a critical turning point that will dramatically affect land and water environments. Increasingly, our cities need to be designed for adaptability and resilience to the impacts of population growth, urban densification, and increase in impervious areas, on the urban water environment. The water sensitive urban design （WSUD） has evolved from its early association with stormwater management to provide a broader framework for sustainable design and urban water management. It provides a common and unified method for integrating the interactions between the urban built form and the urban water cycle environment. This paper presents an overview of theory meaning, key principles, and technical architecture of WSUD, andat the same time, ecological ideas of WSUD has been summarized combined with the traditional ecological wisdom, which comprises the ＂all things together＂ theory, the idea of ＂daofaziran＂（following nature＇s lead）, ＂design with nature＂, and the idea of ＂ecological systems＂. WSUD technologies include green roofs, rain gardens, bioswales, soakaways, wet basins, dry basins, etc. However, to date, few studies have been conducted on the classification of all of the current technologies. In this paper, the WSUD technologies are categorized into three types according to the functions of different technologies： Water Balance, Water Quality, and Water Conservation. For the development of the WSUD worldwide, especially in China, which faces a more serious challenge because of rapid urbanization, further studies on creating technical architecture and summarizing ecological ideas are required. Kaixian Country located in the Three Gorges Reservoir area has become a representative water-sensitive urban area because of the water level control, splitting urbanization speed, and accompanying potential water environment crisis. In order to explore an fitting ecological restoration

关 键 词：WSUD(水敏性城市设计) 生态思想 城市水环境 控制体系 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]