应用碳氮稳定同位素技术研究江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalisssp.sunameri)食性  

Using stable isotope technique to study feeding habits of the finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis ssp. sunameri)

作　　者：鹿志创[1,2] 田甲申[2] 王召会[2] 马志强[2] 韩家波[2] 高天翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生物多样性与进化研究所,青岛266003 [2]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,辽宁省海洋生物资源和生态学重点实验室,大连116023

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第1期69-76,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：辽宁省海洋与渔业科研项目(201417);海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201105011)

摘　　要：稳定同位素技术已广泛地用于分析生态系统中食物网的食物来源和营养级关系,但在海洋哺乳动物食性方面应用较少。通过分析2012年4—6月在辽东湾沿岸海域搁浅而死亡的江豚样本和同时期(6月)取自辽东湾海域主要渔获物的碳氮稳定同位素比值,研究了江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis ssp.sunameri)及其可能摄食饵料的碳氮稳定同位素组成。结果表明:江豚δ13C值为(-18.4±0.3)‰,δ15N值为(13.8±0.4)‰。28种可能生物饵料的δ13C值的范围为-19.5‰—-17.0‰,δ^(15)N值的范围为11.4‰—14.0‰。江豚的营养级为4.5,高于传统胃含物分析法的研究结果。28种测试生物的营养级位于3.8—4.6之间。江豚的食物来源主要以鱼类为主,对食物种类的喜食顺序为中上层鱼类>中下层鱼类>底层鱼类>头足类>虾类>蟹类,其平均贡献率分别为43.9%、18.2%、13.1%、10.0%、8.8%、6.0%。江豚碳氮稳定同位素比值与体长无明显的线性关系,碳营养源较为稳定,氮营养源复杂多变。Stable isotope technique has been widely applied for identification of animal food sources and reconstruction of food chains and food webs in marine ecosystems, but it has been sparingly used in the research on feeding habits of marine mammals. Compared to the traditional stomach content analysis, which is lengthy, requires a large number of samples, and can only reflect the present state of the sampled organism, the stable isotope technique can reveal its extended biological activity, accurately measure biological source of nutrition, and truthfully identify the biological relationship among populations and the energy flow of the entire ecosystem. Various studies have applied the stable isotope method to investigate feeding in marine mammals such as pinnipeds, polar bears, and others. At present, research of finless porpoise has focused on morphology, behavior, age identification, population dynamics, etc. The previous diet studies mainly use the traditional methods to examine stomach content, whereas feeding studies of the finless porpoise in Liaodong Bay using stable isotopeshave not been reported yet. Finless porpoise （genus Neophocaena） is a coastal, small-teethed cetacean inhabiting estuaries and rivers. It is broadly distributed in China, from the northern to the southern coastal areas and into the Yangtze River. The finless porpoise, which is listed as vulnerable in the IUCN list, includes Neophocaena phocaenoides and Neophocaena asiaeorientalis, with two subspecies （Neophocaena asiaeorientalis ssp. asiaeorientalis and Neophocaena asiaeorientalis ssp. sunameri） within the latter species. In the present study, we evaluated carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in samples obtained from finless porpoises that were stranded and died on the coast of the Liaodong Bay and from those obtained from main fishing catches from the same area from April to June in 2012. We also evaluated the isotope ratio in the potential prey organisms. The mean values of δ13C and δ15N in samples of finless porpoise were

关 键 词：江豚 碳氮稳定同位素 食性 贡献率 辽东湾 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]