长江中下游四大淡水湖生态系统完整性评价  

Aquatic ecological integrity assessment of four large lakes in the middle-to-lower reaches of the Yangtze River,China

作　　者：黄琪[1,2] 高俊峰[1] 张艳会[1,2] 闫人华[1,2] 王雁[1] 蔡永久[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室,中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第1期118-126,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB417006);国家水污染治理重大专项(2012ZX07501002-008,2012ZX07506-001,2012ZX07103003-04-01,2012ZX07501-001-03);江西省水利厅科技项目(KT201406);鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室(江西师范大学)开放基金(PK2015007)

摘　　要：长江中下游地区是我国淡水湖泊集中分布区域,研究该区域湖泊生态系统完整性对于湖泊生态系统保护和恢复具有重要意义。物理、化学和生物完整性指标已经广泛应用于河湖生态系统健康评价,但是缺少物理、化学和生物完整性的综合评价方法。以历史调查状况为主要参照系统,构建了基于物理、化学和生物完整性的多参数湖泊完整性综合评价指标体系,结合近年来长江中下游四大淡水湖(洞庭湖、鄱阳湖、巢湖、太湖)生态系统调查数据,对四大淡水湖生态系统完整性进行了评价。结果表明,洞庭湖、鄱阳湖、巢湖和太湖的综合得分分别为66、71、57和57。根据评价等级划分标准,洞庭湖和鄱阳湖生态系统完整性状况都达到"好"的等级,而巢湖和太湖则处于"一般"等级;结果显示,该指标能够表征人类活动对于湖泊生态系统完整性不同方面的干扰,且能够反映四大淡水湖生态系统完整性历史变化状况。因此,该方法可以作为长江中下游淡水湖泊生态系统完整性综合评价的工具并能够为湖泊生态系统的保护和恢复提供科学支撑。Many freshwater lakes are distributed in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin; they are of great importance as water supply resources and for aquatic eco-system maintenance. The evaluation of lake health and its variation is useful for environmental management of lake ecosystems. Numerous indices related to physical, chemical, and biological integrity are widely applied to assess the health of lake ecosystems. However, few studies have assessed the ecological integrity of lakes using a combination of physical, chemical, and biological integrity metrics in China, especially at a regional scale. Based on a review of previous research, a lake ecological integrity index （ LEII ） including physical, chemical, and biological （algae, macroinvertebrates, and fish） integrity metrics was developed to evaluate four large lakes in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze Basin. Reference conditions were defined mainly based on historical data collected in the 1950s and 1960s, when the status of lake ecological integrity was acknowledged as ＂good.＂ The final score for the lake ecosystems integrity index was calculated by combining the scores for physical, chemical, and biological integrity metrics. Additionally, the scores were divided into five categories, i.e., excellent, good, fair, poor, and verypoor. The LEIIs of Lake Dongting, Poyang, Chaohu, and Taihu were 66, 71, 57, and 57, respectively. Based on the LEII scores, Lake Dongting and Lake Poyang were rated ＂good＂ and Lake Chaohu and Lake Taihu were ＂fair.＂ However, the individual indices showed different status for the four large 80 for all lakes except Chaohu Lake （71）, suggesting an index was observed in Lake Poyang （71） and the lowest lakes. For instance, the physical integrity index was higher than ＂excellent＂ status. The highest score for the chemical integrity score in Lake Taihu （56）. Three were rated as ＂good.＂ The biological integrity index ranged from 46 in Lake Taihu to 65 in Lake Poyang, two were rated as

关 键 词：浅水湖泊 湖泊生态系统 生态系统完整性 评价 长江中下游 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]