土地利用多样性与热力景观多样性的特征分析  

Analysis on Characteristics of Land Use Diversity and Thermal Landscape Diversity

作　　者：赵斐斐[1,2] 张学雷[1,2] 任圆圆[1,2] 屈永慧[1,2] 李美娟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学水利与环境学院 [2]郑州大学自然资源与生态环境研究所,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2015年第11期42-48,共7页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171177)

摘　　要：运用landsat8影像,采用监督分类的方法得出河南3个样区的土地利用分布情况,采用单窗算法反演地表温度,将景观指数应用于分析土地分类结果以及热力景观特征分析中,并且在1 km网格尺度下,将多样性方法应用于土地利用和城市热环境的研究,探究其空间分布规律以及两者之间的相互关系;以豫北、豫中、豫南3个不同生态环境条件样区为例,探讨3种不同土地利用模式下的热力景观空间离散性特征。研究发现：豫北样区热力景观构成组分多样性、土地利用构成组分多样性分别是0.924、0.562,豫中样区分别为0.815、0.513,豫南样区分别为0.833、0.547,可以得出土地利用分布越均匀程度越大,热力景观的分布就越均匀;水域的用地表现多为低温区,建筑用地则多表现为高温区,水域用地的平均气温比样区平均气温气温低2.6~5.32℃;水域用地空间分布多样性越大的样区,该样区的热环境效应越不明显;建筑用地空间分布多样性数值越高的样区,该样区的热环境效应越明显;研究结果表明,城镇化进程中土地利用方式的转变直接导致了区域生态环境的变化,热环境效应便是其中之一。将多样性研究方法引入到土地利用的热力景观中具有可行性,并且对城市规划、土地管理具有重要的参考价值与实际意义。With Landsat8 images the landscape index was applied to the analysis of land classification results and thermal landscape characteristics, and the diversity methodology was applied to the investigation of land use and urban thermal environment analysis on the 1 km grid scale. In this paper, three case study regions, northern, central and southern Henan Province, were selected as representative samples to explore the thermal environment effects of three different land use modes.The results of the study suggested that the thermal landscape composition diversity and land use composition diversity of northern Henan were 0.924, 0.562 respectively, central Henan 0.815, 0.513, and southern Henan 0.833, 0.547, respectively;the temperature in water areas were mostly lower, while the areas of buildings higher, the average temperature of the water areas being 2.6℃ to 5.32℃ lower than the average temperature of the case study regions. Consequently, the thermal environment effect was displayed less in the water areas with higher spatial distribution diversity, but more in the areas of buildings. In conclusion, land use modes kept changing in the process of urbanization, thus leading to the changes of the regional eco-environment including the thermal environment; and the application of diversity methodology was useful in urbanization planning and land management.

关 键 词：土地利用 热力景观 多样性 景观指数 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程]