我国典型设施蔬菜种植区农用地膜污染分析  

Pollution Status of Film Mulching in Chinese Protected Vegetable Areas

作　　者：边淑贞 柳晓娟[2] 安子扬[3] 文宏达[1] 谢云峰[2] 曹云者[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071000 [2]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [3]中国检验检疫科学研究院,北京100123

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2015年第11期76-81,共6页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家环保公益性行业科研专项项目(201109018)

摘　　要：地膜覆盖技术得到普遍运用的同时也带来了严重的环境污染问题。大田作物覆盖地膜导致的地膜残留污染等问题已受到广泛关注,而大棚或温室等设施条件下地膜覆盖的残留污染问题鲜有研究。文章通过问卷调查与现场访谈相结合的方法,对中国典型设施蔬菜种植区进行了实地调查。调查结果表明,中国设施蔬菜种植区地膜残留情况总体上虽不十分严重,但仍需加强管理。地膜使用主要存在以下几个问题:地膜种类选择过于单一,可降解地膜使用率低;地膜厚度达标率低,超薄地膜使用广泛;废旧地膜处置不规范,随意扔掉和焚烧很多。针对以上问题,建议从禁止超薄地膜使用、加强残留监测和回收处置等方面,加强相关管理,有效防治地膜造成的污染。Plastic film mulching widely used in China nowadays has brought about serious environmental pollution problems.In this study, field investigations were conducted in the typical protected cultivation areas in China by way of surveys with carefully designed questionnaires and face-to-face personnel interviews. The results of the investigations showed that the film residue problems, though could not be counted as being extremely grave, consisted in the lack of adequate management in the typical areas of vegetable protected cultivation in China, which can be summarized as following： Few type of film was selected as mulching film and the biodegradable film was rarely used; film applied was too thin and thickness of film used by most of the farmer could not meet limit required in the relevant standard regarding film thickness; and treatment and disposal of gathered residue film was often arbitrarily, such as littering away and/or open burning. Some countermeasures and suggestions were preliminarily proposed for pollution prevention of film mulching in typical vegetable protected cultivation areas in China.

关 键 词：设施蔬菜 农用地膜 残留 污染 对策 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]