运用GIS技术进行生态环境干扰评价研究:以震后紫坪埔水库区域为例  

Appraisal of Earthquake Disturbance of Eco-environment in Zipingpu Reservoir Area by Use of GIS Technology

作　　者：彭勃[1] 杨剑[2] 罗颖 

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学土木工程与建筑学院 [2]西南科技大学应用技术学院,四川绵阳621010 [3]四川省绵阳市环保局,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2015年第11期246-251,共6页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：四川省科技厅科技支撑项目(2014SZ0058);四川省教育厅重点科研项目资助(11ZA133)

摘　　要：运用GIS技术中的加权叠加法对震后都江堰市紫坪埔水库区域的地形地貌、植被覆盖、土地质量和水体干扰等因子进行评价。评价结果表明：东向与北向水土流失量较少,植被分布量较多,干扰较轻;南向与西向水土流失量较多,植被分布量较少,干扰较重。坡度15°以下地区水土流失量较少,植被分布量较多,干扰较轻;坡度在15°~30°地区水土流失量逐渐增多,植被分布量逐渐减少,干扰适中;坡度大于30°地区水土流失量较多,植被分布量较少,干扰较重。海拔1 500 m以上地区水土流失量较少,斑块分布量较少,干扰较轻;海拔500~1 500 m以下地区水土流失量逐渐增多,斑块分布量适中,干扰适中;海拔500 m以下地区水土流失量最大,景观斑块分布量最大,干扰较重。离水体越远的地区,干扰越轻,越近的地区干扰越重,特别在距河流300 m范围内的区域干扰最重。地质灾害高度危险区沿岷江河道呈带状分布,与龙门山断裂带的走向大体一致,主要集中于映秀镇一带和紫坪铺水库一带。Weighted superposition method of GIS technology was applied to the appraisal of the disturbances of Wenchuan Earthquake in terms of the landform of Zipingpu Reservoir area in Dujiangyan City with respect to topography, vegetation cover, land and water quality and other factors. The appraisal revealed that the Earthquake disturbed the north and east parts in minor degree, with less soil erosion; on the other hand, the situation was worse in the south and west parts of the area with more soil erosion, and less the vegetation remained. The degree of the Earthquake disruption was also decided by the slope：soil and water loss increased gradually with the increase of slopes from 15° to 30°; slopes greater than 30° likely led to severe soil and water loss. Areas above altitude of 1 500 m had lighter soil erosion, less plaque distribution amount; as to the areas of altitudes 500 ~1 500 m, the disturbances being moderate; and the situation of soil and water erosion got severe in the areas below elevation of 500 m with the largest amount of patch distributions, indicating the heavy disturbances of the Earthquake.Besides, distance of the area from water body was also a factor of the disturbance degree, e.g. the worst destruction was seen in the places close to the river（within the range of 300 m）. The high-risk area was centered in the vicinity of Yingxiu Township and Zipingpu Reservoir area, and stretched along the Minjiang River, roughly in line with the trend of the Longmenshan fault zone.

关 键 词：GIS 汶川地震 干扰评价 紫坪埔水库 

分 类 号：X821[环境科学与工程—环境工程]