制图六体实为制图“三体”论  

Rethinking the Meaning of the Six Principles of Cartography and Its Role in the History of Chinese Cartography

作　　者：韩昭庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史地理研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2015年第4期465-472,共8页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

摘　　要：制图六体指方率、准望、道里、高下、方邪及迂直,是我国最早的制图原则。从后三体与前三体的叙述方式明显不同、古文的文法、历史文献中对后三体的记载,以及古人的解释等四个方面,来看后三体实为前三体的补充解释。前三体实为制图的三个原则,即方位、比例尺以及图上距离,后三体则是补充解释图上距离需要考虑实际路程会因道路随地势起伏、弯曲而发生变化的情况,以解决把三维立体转换到二维平面的问题。此外,对制图六体的地位进行了评述。The Six Principles of Cartography are the first recorded rules for map-making in China. After analyzing the different descriptions between the last three principles and the first three ones,the grammar of ancient Chinese texts,and the explanation of the Six Principles of Cartography by ancient scholars,this article argues that the first three principles refer to location,scale and distance on a map,and the last three are actually supplementary explanations for the drawing of routes on a map. The last three principles are used to properly calculate distances on uneven terrain as represented on a flat,two dimensional map. The role of Six Principles of Cartography is also discussed.

关 键 词：地图学史 晋代 制图六体 制图六体的地位 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] P62-092[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]