从业禁止制度的定位与资格限制、剥夺制度的体系化——以《刑法修正案(九)》从业禁止制度的规范解读为切入点  

Position of Empleyment Prohibition System and Systematization of Qualification Restriction and Deprivation

作　　者：于志刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学司法文明协同创新中心

出　　处：《法学评论》2016年第1期98-107,共10页Law Review

基　　金：中国政法大学优秀中青年教师培养支持计划资助项目;2011年教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助项目<中国犯罪记录制度的体系构建>(课题编号:11JHQ014)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：《刑法修正案(九)》增设的从业禁止制度,作为一种非刑罚处遇措施,在预防犯罪、防卫社会层面,与前科制度有着相似之处,也为前科制度的体系化完善提供了一些经验和思路。禁止令、从业禁止、前科制度基于预防犯罪、防卫社会的共同旨趣,以行为人的人身危险性为理论基础,通过在不同阶段、针对不同犯罪类型、不同刑种设置了相对严密的犯罪人资格限制剥夺体系,架构出当前三位一体双轨并行的格局。横向上,从业禁止与前科并存,形成犯罪人从业资格剥夺的双轨制格局;纵向上,禁止令、从业禁止、前科制度三位一体,构建了对于犯罪的立体防御体系。未来应当在现有立法格局的基础上,对于限制犯罪人从业资格的相关制度予以宏观的外部整合和微观的内部完善。As a non-penalty treatment measure,the employment prohibition system added in the＂Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law＂is similar to the criminal record system in terms of preventing crimes and protecting the society,and it provides some experience and thoughts to the systematic improvement of the criminal record system as well.Based on the common purport of protecting the society,and the basic theory of personal dangerousness,the injunction,the employment prohibition system and the criminal record system set a relatively strict criminal deprivation system of the offender＇s qualification restriction,constructing apattern of trinitarian and double-track system on the basis of the different stages,and different types of the crime and penalty.Horizontally,the employment prohibition system coexists with criminal record system,forming the double-track system of the criminal deprivation system of the offender＇s qualification restriction.Vertically,the injunction,the employment prohibition,and the criminal record system are of trinity,constructing a stereoscopic defense system of crimes based on existing legislations.The related system regarding to the deprivation system of the offender＇s qualification restriction is to be completed on the basis of the macro external integration and micro internal improvement.

关 键 词：从业禁止 前科 禁止令 非刑罚处遇措施 前科消灭 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]