铁核桃叶片主要矿质营养元素含量与生育期动态变化特征  

Dynamic changes of leaves' main mineral elements in Juglans sigillata growth period

作　　者：刘茂桥 潘学军[1] 张文娥[1] 李晶晶[1] 王长雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学贵州省果树工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《云南大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第1期162-170,共9页Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：贵州省科技重大专项(黔科合重大专项字[2011]6011号);国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD23D03)

摘　　要：以成年铁核桃(30年生实生树)及幼龄铁核桃(2年生实生苗)叶片为试材,采用凯氏定氮法、钼锑抗比色法、原子吸收分光光度法和姜黄素比色法,对不同树龄铁核桃叶片10种矿质元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B进行测定.分析不同树龄叶片主要营养元素年动态变化规律,为树体的营养诊断取样时期和合理施肥提供科学依据.结果表明:不同树龄的铁核桃叶片矿质元素年周期变化规律基本一致,其中叶内大量元素波动较小,含量高低均表现为Ca>N>K>P>Mg,N、P、K的含量总体呈下降趋势,Mg的含量总体呈上升趋势;Ca的含量呈先上升后降低趋势;微量元素波动较大,幼龄铁核桃生育期内叶中微量元素含量的顺序表现为Fe>B>Mn>Zn>Cu,而成年铁核桃则表现为Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu.B、Mn含量均呈上升趋势,Cu、Zn含量呈下降趋势,Fe含量全年波动幅度明显,总体呈上升-下降-上升-下降的变化趋势.不同树龄铁核桃叶片各矿质元素间的相关性分析表明,各元素间存在拮抗或促进作用,其中N、P、K三种元素含量间都呈现出极显著正相关,同时N与Cu含量、Ca与Fe含量也呈现出极显著正相关,另一方面Cu与Ca、Mg含量呈现出极显著负相关.叶片对矿质营养元素的吸收在不同物候期表现各异,其中开花授粉期对N、P、K、Zn、Cu的需求量较大,果实膨大期和硬核期对N、P、K的需求量较大.研究表明,成年铁核桃叶营养元素相对稳定时期为6月29日—8月10日;幼龄铁核桃叶营养元素相对稳定时期为6月21日—8月4日,推荐作为铁核桃叶营养诊断的适宜采样时期,同时建议施用两次关键肥,第1次在5月底6月初果实膨大期,以施速效肥为主;第2次为9月下旬采收期后,深施有机肥作基肥.In adult Juglans sigillata（ 30 year old seedling trees） and young Juglans sigillata（ 2 year old seedlings）,leaves were tested by Kjeldahl method,Mo-Sb colorimetry,atomic absorption and curcumin colorimetry,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn and B were detected to analyze the dynamic changes of the main nutrients of the leaves by different ages.which provided a recommendable sampling period for the nutritional diagnosis of the trees and a scientific basis for rational application of fertilizer.The results showed that： Annual changing patterns of Juglans sigillata leaf mineral elements at different ages were basically the same,the content of macroelements showed little fluctuation,and ranked as CaNKP Mg,the content of N,P,K showed a downward trend,while the content of Mg showed an upward trend; The content of Ca increasedat first and then decreased; The content of micro- elements fluctuated largely,in the growth periodof young Juglans sigillata,the content of the elements ranked as FeBMnZnCu,andin adult Juglans sigillata,it was Fe Mn B Zn Cu. The content of B and Mn showed an increasing trend,Cu and Zn showed a downward trend,the content of Fe fluctuated,and showed an up-down-up-down trend. Correlation analysis showed antagonism or promotion among the elements,the content of N,P,K showed significantly positive correlation,while N and Cu,Ca and Fe showed significantly positive correlation.On the other hand Cu and Ca,Mg content showed significantly negative correlation.The absorption of mineral nutrients by the leaves in different phenological periods was different,in pollination flowering period,N,P,K,Zn and Cu were demanded at most,the requirement of N,P,K was large in fruit enlargement period and hardcore period.The research shows that the nutrient elements of adult Juglans sigillata leaves were relatively stable from June 29 th to August 10 th.While for young Juglans sigillata,the relatively stable period was from June 21 th to August 4th,which is recommended as suitable sampling periodfor the nutrition diagnosis

关 键 词：铁核桃 叶片 矿质营养元素 生长期 动态变化 

分 类 号：S644.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]