风险社会背景下农村突发性事件的风险叙事:暗喻、隐患与应对——以禽流感事件为例  

Risk Narrative of Emergent Events under the Background of Risk Society: Metaphor,Hidden Danger and Response: Based on the Case of Avian Flu

作　　者：郑红娥[1] 武晋[1] 李小云[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100083

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第1期9-21,162,共13页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：加拿大国际发展研究中心;加拿大国际发展署;澳大利亚国际发展署;加拿大国际健康研究所资助项目"生态健康方法应对东南亚突发性传染病研究"(21141034)

摘　　要：禽流感事件为更好地反思现有风险管理体系,更有效防范与应对乡村社会爆发的突发性事件提供了一个典型的范例。禽流感疫情的一再变异,且可能导致人际感染的预测性,挑战了现有风险管理体制的预设前提,修订了流行病框架中风险可视化的基本命题。在疫情的现代建构中,疫情同贫困、落后的东方文化相联系,具有浓郁的中国暗喻色彩,提供了反思西方话语霸权下,单纯自上而下国家知识"灌输式"式发展的典型案例。现有风险管理的实践,忽视了预测性风险的日常准备和日常反思,无力应对禽流感周期性的恶性爆发。根源在于,漠视乡土知识,单纯自上而下的"灌输式"式发展导致现有疫情生物规训权力的设置遭到乡村知识的抵制以及碎片化风险管理现状。因此,应从"预测性"风险的应对战略的高度出发,通过自上而下国家知识生产和自下而上的地方知识生产的相互作用来重建疫情风险管理机制。Bird flu event has provided a good example for reflecting on the existing risk management system and a better prevention and treatment of the outbreak of emergent events in the rural areas. The unique nature of avian influenza outbreak——frequent epidemic changes and avian- to- human transmission threats——has challenged our previous assumptions on the existing risk management system and upset the propositions on the visibility of the risks under the epidemiology framework. In the modern construction cognition of the epidemic,the epidemic is linked with poverty and backward oriental culture and tinted with a hue of Chinese metaphor. It provides a typical case which reflects under the Western hegemonic discourse how the pure inculcation of national knowledge is accomplished through top- down schema. The existing risk management practices ignore the daily routine preparation for and reflection on predictive risk,unable to cope with the vicious circle outbreak of bird flu. The main reason is that the top- down ‘indoctrination'type of development has led to the resistance to the biological disciplinary power setting from the local knowledge and the fragmentation status of rural risk management. Therefore,based on predictive risk response strategy,we should rebuild epidemic risk management mechanism through the interaction of the local knowledge from bottom to top and the national knowledge from top to bottom.

关 键 词：禽流感 突发性事件 预测性风险 生物规训权力 风险管理 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理]