青海两次多单体降雹过程的雹谱分布特征  

The hail size distribution characteristics of two multi-cell hail processes in Qinghai

作　　者：刘晓莉[1] 水旭琼 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室,江苏南京210044 [2]宁海县气象局,浙江宁波315600

出　　处：《大气科学学报》2015年第6期845-854,共10页Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41375137);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK2012860);江苏省气象科学研究所北极阁基金资助项目(BJG201304);高原大气与环境四川省重点实验室开放课题(PAEKL-2014-C4);2014年江苏省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201410300001Z);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：利用三维冰雹分档数值模式研究了1979年7月20日和8月5日青海西宁两次多单体降雹发生发展过程中云内微物理结构及雹谱演变特征。结果表明:1)云水、雨水的比含水量随雹云的发展呈先增长后减少的特点,两次个例的冰雹主要通过过冷雨滴冻结而形成,其增长方式是凝华及碰并过冷云水。2)雹谱谱宽与上升气流有关,个例一中倾斜上升气流有利于冰雹循环增长,雹谱较宽;个例二中没有倾斜上升气流,不利于冰雹循环增长,雹谱较窄。According to the 3-D hail-category hailstorm model,this paper studies the in-cloud microphysical structures and the hail size distribution characteristics of two multi-cell hail processes occurred in Xining,Qinghai on 20 July and 5 August 1979. Results show that： 1） The mixing ratios of cloud water and rainwater present the characteristics of first increasing then decreasing with the development of hail cloud.The hail is mainly formed by frozen undercooling raindrops in the two cases and grows up by deposition and by collecting super cold cloud water. 2） The width of hail size distribution is related to updraft. The slantwise updraft is beneficial to hail recirculation growth and leads to wider width of hail size distribution in the former. In the latter,there is not the slantwise updraft,which is not beneficial to hail recirculation growth and leads to narrower width of hail size distribution.

关 键 词：数值模拟 微物理特征 雹谱分布特征 

分 类 号：P426.64[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]