耕作期内土壤水分和盐分运动规律及其影响因素  

Movement Regularity and Its Influence Factors of Soil Salt and Moisture During Farming Period

作　　者：张楠[1] 韩金旭[1] 江红[2] 苏晓慧[1] 章博[1] 杜凯[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]黄河流域水资源保护局,河南郑州450004

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2015年第6期8-14,20,共8页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"傍河开采对河川径流袭夺量影响研究"(51309107);"十二五"科技支撑计划项目"黄河中游河川径流锐减驱动力及人为调控效应研究"(2012BAB02B04)

摘　　要：[目的]分析灌溉期内土壤水盐运动规律,为改进灌区耕作期灌溉制度存在的现行问题、土壤盐碱化治理以及节水型灌溉工程的实施对生态环境的影响提供科学指导。[方法]综合考虑土壤质地、灌溉方式、作物种植等因素进行试验点、观测点的布设,基于2a耕作期监测数据分析,通过常规方法对土壤脱盐积盐运移(表聚型、底聚型、均衡型及震荡型)、耕作期内不同耕种观测区内土壤盐分变化等方面进行计算分析,并对影响因子(地下水埋深、初始含盐量、降雨)进行相关性分析。[结果]灌溉初期土壤表层含盐量变化较早,灌后10d土壤含盐量开始回升,各观测区土壤含盐量随时间逐渐减小。[结论]荒地内不同土层观测期内呈积盐状态;不灌或少灌区域土壤表聚趋势加强;地下水埋深较深的井灌区,脱盐速率快于潜水位较高的渠灌区;初始含盐量越高,土壤脱盐量绝对值越大,相对脱盐率与初始含盐量并无明显关系。[Objective]The change regularity of soil water and salt in the farming period was analyzed to improve the present irrigation method in order to provide scientific guidance for salinization control,and to test the impacts of water-saving irrigation on ecological environment.[Methods]Observation sites and test points were selected according to indices of soil texture,irrigation method,crop cultivation and other factors.After two years of observation and test,changes of soil salinity in profiles were calculated and analyzed,and the regularity patterns of desalination and salinization were identified（normal,inverted,even and concussion type）.The correlations among the impacting factors of movement regularity as ground water level,preliminary salinity and rainfall were analyzed.[Results]Trend of normal accumulation strengthened in unirrigation or less irrigation area.Surface soil salinity changed as early as in the preliminary stage of irrigation,for example,10 days after irrigation,soil salinity was observed beginning to rise.Soil salinity had greater than that before irrigation activities（or before rain）.Soil in survey area（except of wasteland）were observed in desalination state during cultivation period,and the soil salinity decreased regularly with time.[Conclusion]Soil in wasteland was observed in a normal salinity state,and enhanced surface accumulation of salinity was observed at sections with no or less irrigation.Rates of desalination in districts where were irrigated using well with low ground water level were faster than those in canal irrigation areas with high groundwater level.

关 键 词：耕作期 剖面分区 脱盐积盐 表层积盐 盐分运动 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S257[农业科学—农业基础科学]