施氮量和栽插密度对粳稻D46产量及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effect of planting density and nitrogen application on yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization of japonica rice cultivar D46

作　　者：兰艳[1] 黄鹏[1] 江谷驰弘 雷小波[1] 许光利[1] 丁春邦[2] 李天[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,四川温江611130 [2]四川农业大学生命科学学院,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2016年第1期20-28,共9页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：四川省科技厅科技支撑计划项目(2014NZ0103)

摘　　要：【目的】探明成都平原区粳稻产量与氮素吸收利用效率协同高效的最优施氮量和栽插密度,为制定高效栽培技术提供理论依据。【方法】以粳稻D46为供试品种,设置3个施氮水平(N 150、225、300 kg·hm-2)和3个栽插密度(2.000×105、2.667×105、4.000×105穴·hm-2),研究施氮量和栽插密度对粳稻D46产量和氮素利用效率的影响。【结果】施氮量和栽插密度均显著影响粳稻D46产量及其构成因素(P<0.05)。粳稻D46籽粒产量随施氮量(<225 kg·hm-2)和栽插密度(<2.667×105穴·hm-2)的增加而增加,在施氮量225 kg·hm-2和栽插密度为2.667×105穴·hm-2时,水稻产量最高(7 580 kg·hm-2)且显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。提高氮肥施用量,氮肥农学利用率(NAE)、生理利用率(NPE)、偏生产力(NPFP)和氮素稻谷生产效率(NUEG)均显著降低(P<0.05),而氮收获指数(NHI)和氮素表观利用率(NAUR)无明显变化。随着栽插密度提高,NAE、NPE和NPFP均降低,其中NAE和NPE降低程度较大,而NUEG、NHI和NAUR变化不大。【结论】在本试验条件下,成都平原稻作区施氮量为225 kg·hm-2、栽插密度为2.667×105穴·hm-2时,能够促进粳稻D46高产和提高氮素的利用效率。【Objective】To explore the optimum nitrogen（ N） application rate and planting density and N use efficiency of rice production in Chengdu plain,and provide a basis for establishment of rational cultivation management.【Method】Field experiments were carried out to investigate the interactive effect of N application rates（ N 150、225、300 kg·hm- 2） and planting densities（ 2. 000 × 105、2. 667 × 105、4. 000 ×105seedlings·hm- 2） on rice yield and N uptake and utilization efficiency of japonica rice cultivar D46 in Chengdu plain.【Result】Both N application rate and planting density showed significant effects on the rice yield（ P〈 0. 05）. The rice yield increased with the increase of N application rate（〈 225kg·hm- 2） and planting density（ 〈2. 667 × 105 seedlings · hm- 2）. The highest rice yield（ 7 580kg·hm- 2） was found with the N application rate of 225 kg·hm- 2and planting density of 2. 667 × 105seedlings·hm- 2,which was significantly higher than that of other treatments（ P 〈0. 05）. Increasing Napplication amount could significantly decrease N agronomic efficiency（ NAE）,N physiological efficiency（ NPE）,N partial factor productivity（ NPFP） and N use efficiency for grain output（ NUEG）（ P 〈0. 05）,while harvest index（ NHI） and nitrogen apparent utilization rate（ NAUR） had no obvious change. NAE,NPE and NPFP decreased with the increase of planting density,especially for NAE and NPE,while the planting density had little effect on NUEG,NHI and NAUR.【Conclusion】The combination of N 225 kg·hm- 2and 2. 667 × 105seedlings·hm- 2is the best for high yield and high N use efficiency of japonica rice D46 in Chengdu plain.

关 键 词：水稻 施氮量 栽插密度 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S352.3