柏木低效林不同改造模式中土壤微生物及酶活性的研究  

Studies on soil microorganisms and enzyme activities of cypress funebris forest in different transforming patterns

作　　者：韩东苗 张林成 冯茂松[1] 吴韬[1] 铁烈华 李文兵[1] 汪亚琳 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院,四川成都610000 [2]平昌县林业局,四川巴中636600

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2016年第1期96-103,共8页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC09B05);四川省高等学校重点实验室建设项目

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同改造模式对柏木Cupressus funebris低效林的改造效果,为低效林改造提供理论和技术参考。【方法】以四川省德阳市旌阳区柏木低效林改造区5种种植模式[核桃（无植草）、核桃＋菊苣、核桃＋苜蓿、核桃＋鸭茅、纯柏（对照）]为对象,研究林地土壤微生物、酶活性的时空分布格局。【结果】对柏木低效林进行改造后,各种植模式中的土壤微生物数量、酶活性明显增加,核桃＋菊苣模式最为明显,其微生物总数、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶含量分别提高了112.5%、7.7%、33.0%、39.1%和62.9%,且0~15 cm土层显著高于15~30cm土层（P〈0.05）。土壤微生物与4种酶活性季节变化规律不一,真菌数量以夏季最高,放线菌以春季最高,而细菌则表现为秋季最高;过氧化氢酶活性以秋季最高,其他3种酶活性皆以春季最高。土壤微生物总量与蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）,与过氧化氢酶呈极显著正相关（P〈0.01）。【结论】各改造模式均在一定程度上改善了土壤肥力,而核桃＋菊苣模式改造效果最佳。【Objective】In order to provide a theoretical foundation and a technical reference for transformation of the low-efficiency forest,the effects of different transformation patterns on the transformation of cypress（ Cupressus funebris） funebris forest were investigated. 【Method】The spatiotemporal distribution patterns of soil microorganisms and enzyme activities in five cropping patterns [walnut（ Juglans regia,no grass）,walnut ＋ chicory（ Cichorium intybus）,walnut ＋ alfalfa（ Medicago sativa）,walnut ＋ orchardgrass（ Dactylis glomerata）,pure cypress] in the reform area of cypress funebris forest in Jingyang District,Deyang City were studied.【Result】The quantities of soil microorganisms and enzyme activities both significantly increased after the transformation of the cypress funebris forest. Among the five patterns,the＂walnut ＋ chicory＂pattern had the most significant effects with the number of soil microorganisms and the contents of catalase,sucrase,urease and alkalinep hosphatase increased by 112. 5%,7. 7%,33. 0%,39. 1% and 62. 9% respectively,and the values of all these factors were significantly higher in the upperlayer（ 0- 15 cm） than those in the lower layer（ 15- 30 cm）（ P 0. 05）. There were different seasonal dynamics for three major microorganisms and the activities of four soil enzymes. The quantities of fungi,actinomycetes and bacteria was the highest in summer,spring and autumn respectively,and the catalase activity was the highest in autumn,while the other three enzyme activities were the highest in spring. The total number of soil microorganism was positively correlated with the activities of sucrase and alkaline（ P 0. 05）,and strongly positively correlated with the catalase activity（ P 0. 01）. 【Conclusion】All transformation patterns improved soil fertilities in varying degrees,with the most effective pattern being＂walnut ＋ chicory＂.

关 键 词：柏木低效林 林草模式 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S72[农业科学—林木遗传育种]