人参锈腐病拮抗细菌的筛选鉴定  

Screening and identification of bacterial antagonistic strains against Cylindrocarpon destructans

作　　者：孙卓[1] 杨利民[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学中药材学院/省部共建生态恢复与生态系统管理国家重点实验室,长春130118

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2016年第2期73-81,共9页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAI03B01-02);国家自然科学基金(31270371);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20130305047YY)

摘　　要：为获取对毁灭柱孢菌(Cylindrocarpon destructans(Zinss.)Scholtan)防治效果优良的菌株,从人参根际土壤中分离到113株细菌,采用平板对峙法筛选出13株拮抗性良好的拮抗细菌,生长速率法对经过滤和灭菌的菌株发酵液进行抑菌谱测定,采用盆栽试验研究其对人参锈腐病的防治效果及其人参植株促生效果。SZ-2菌悬液对毁灭柱孢菌的抑制率达88.80%,同时具有广谱抑菌能力。盆栽试验结果表明,菌株SZ-2对人参锈腐病的防治效果为68.50%;其对人参植株具有一定促生作用,经其处理后的人参平均植株高度、整株鲜质量、整株干质量、根长、根鲜质量和根干质量均有不同程度的增加,其中整株干质量、根干质量和根长增长量高达79.39%、131.51%和86.90%;与对照组相比具有显著差异(P<0.05)。经形态学、生理生化特征、16SrDNA及gyrB基因测序等分析,确定菌株SZ-2为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus),在GenBank中序列登录号为KC511107。In order to obtain more effective antagonistic bacteria against Cylindrocarpon destructans （Zinss.） Scholtan, 113 bacterial strains isolated from ginseng rhizosphere soil were screened by fiat confrontation culture method. Thirteen strains showed strong antifungal activity against C. destructans. Antibacterial spectrum tests were performed with bacteria fermentation broth,which was autoclaved and filtrated, by using mycelium growth rate method. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of antagonistic bacteria on C. destructans and plant growth. Strain SZ-2 showed the strongest activity against C. destructans and the inhibition rate of SZ-2 was up to 88.80%. SZ-2 also displayed broad spectrum of antagonistic activity towards selected pathogenic fungi of ginseng. Pot experiment also showed that the control efficacy of SZ-2 fermentation broth to C. destructans reached 68.50% （P~ 0.05）. The average plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, root length, root fresh weight and root dry mass of SZ-2 treated plants were significant higher than that of CK. The plant dry weight, root dry mass and root length were increased by 79.39%, 131.51% and 86.9% respectively, which were significantly higher than that in water control （P〈0. 05）. According to morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA and gyrB sequencing analysis,SZ-2 was identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus （GenBank accession number KC511107）.

关 键 词：人参 拮抗细菌 锈腐病 鉴定 防病 促生 

分 类 号：S435[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S675[农业科学—植物保护]