同步铺膜铺管旱作水稻播种机的设计与试验  

Design and experiment of synchronous laying membrane and irrigation pipe for dry-land rice planter

作　　者：康建明[1] 王士国[1] 陈学庚[1] 颜利民[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2016年第2期124-131,共8页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家"863"计划(2011AA100508)

摘　　要：针对目前旱作水稻不易大规模推广的难题，研制开发一种旱作水稻铺膜铺管播种机。根据旱作水稻种植农艺要求，采用滑刀式开沟器，在距种行水平距离110～130mm处开出宽45mm，深20mm的沟，将滴灌带铺设于沟内；地膜通过随动仿形机构铺设于地表；通过改变容腔容积调整机械翼勺式排种器下种量大小；螺旋导土板将土壤送至种行完成覆土。以杂交稻种“秋田小町”为播种对象，采用3因素4水平的正交试验设计方法，研究播种机前进速度、容种腔长度和种面高度对播种性能的影响。试验结果表明，影响合格指数和重播指数的主次因素为：播种机前进速度〉容种腔长度〉种面高度；影响漏播指数的主次因素为：容种腔长度〉播种机前进速度〉种面高度；当播种机前进速度1．0m／s，容种腔长度14mm，种面高度140mm时，播种机播种性能最为优良，此时合格（6～8粒／穴）指数为86．5％，漏播（〈6粒／穴）指数为10．2％，重播（〉8粒／穴）指数为3．3％，满足旱作水稻农艺种植要求。Aiming at the problem of difficulty in large-scale promotion of dry-land rice,a rice membrane laying machine was developed. Based on dry-land rice agronomic requirements, using slide knife type opener, the index of the machine are： 1） Line level distance from 110 mm to 130 mm in trenching 45 mm wide,deep groove of 20 mm and drip irrigation belt laid within the groove;2） Mulch laid on the surface through follow-up profiling device;3） By changing the wing teaspoons of vessel volume to adjust the mechanical scoop seeding quantity of wing;4） Spiral guide plate take soil covering the line. Taking ＂Akita small town＂ as sowing object and using 3 factors 4 levels orthogonal experiment design method, we investigated the speed of planter, the opening size of holding tank and seed level effect on the performance of seeding performance. Test results showed that： The primary and secondary factors affecting the index of qualified and replay were the speed of planter, the opening size of holding tank and seed level. The primary and secondary factors affecting leak seeding index were： the opening size of holding tank and the speed of planter and seed level. When the speed of planter was 1.0 m/s,the opening size of holding tank was 14 ram,the seed level was 140 mm,the qualified （6-8 grain/hole） index was 86.5% ,the miss-seeding（less than 6 grain/hole） index was 10.2%,and the reseeding （greater than 8 grain/hole） index was 3.3%, the requirement of dry land agricultural planting rice was fully satisfied.

关 键 词：旱作水稻 播种机 排种器 正交试验 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]