单一选区相对多数制选举模式下的民意代表性缺失问题:以英国独立党为例  

The Deficiency of Public Opinion Representativeness in Plurality of Single-member Constituency:On the Basis of the Surge of UK Independence Party

作　　者：孙晨光[1] 苗波[1] 陈硕[2] 

机构地区：[1]香港城市大学亚洲及国际学系 [2]香港城市大学公共政策学系

出　　处：《国际论坛》2016年第1期66-72,81,共7页International Forum

基　　金："香港特区政府青年博士生科研基金"(批准号:HKPFS-PF16160)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：英国下议院一直采用单一选区相对多数制的选举模式,近些年其民意代表性缺失的弊端逐渐凸显。选取异军突起的英国独立党作为研究案例,从英国国内疑欧主义思潮、反移民社会心理和工人阶级衰退的民意基础出发,以相关理论和实证数据论证该党崛起是基于社会结构性因素的民意变迁。通过多方面分析独立党在该选举制度下的受制约困境,进一步揭示下议院选举结果与选民意志的背离程度,最后在此基础上探讨可能的制度改革举措。The electoral system of plurality of single-member constituency has long been practiced by British House of Commons for the election of its members.However,the drawback due to lack of public-opinion representativeness in selection method has been increasingly prominent.In this article,the case of rising popularity of UK Independence Party(UKIP)will be studied whose electoral performance has been facilitated by domestic social factors,including Euroscepticism ethos,anti-immigration sentiment and decline of the working class.Such correlation between public opinion transition and party surge will be explored in terms of related theoretical explanation as well as empirical data analysis.Furthermore,the institutional constraint to UKIP's gain for more members in parliament will be elaborated,which further reveals the side effects of plurality system especially the inconsistency between seats and popular votes,votes and real public attitude.Finally,in the light of criticism on such system,potential reform measures are expected to be brought up in discussion.

关 键 词：单一选区相对多数制 下议院 民意代表性 英国独立党 

分 类 号：D50[政治法律—政治学]