篮球投篮的运动特征研究进展  

Research Progress of Motion Characteristics of Basketball Shooting

作　　者：杨宗青[1] 米靖[1] 刘卉[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《体育科学》2016年第1期79-90,共12页China Sport Science

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费北京体育大学自主科研课题(2015BS008)

摘　　要：以跳投和罚篮为研究对象,根据以往的研究文献,从投篮技术的数据采集方法,影响投篮结果的出手状态,身体各环节运动特征和感知觉特征,各种约束条件对投篮的影响等4个方面对关于跳投和罚篮的动作特征进行了综述。旨在为跳投的学习、训练提供理论指导,也为进一步的研究理清脉络。研究认为:1)影响投篮结果的出手状态变量间存在相互制约的关系,应综合考虑,才能得出最优化的变量组合;2)投中与投失在一些动作特征上存在差异;3)水平高的投手在一些动作特征和感知觉特征方面表现更优异;4)各种外部约束条件对身体稳定的控制、动作模式以及投篮的稳定性产生影响,从而影响投篮命中率。Taking jump shot and free throw as the research objects,this paper makes a systematic review on the movement characteristics of jump shot and free throw based on the scientific literatures which are presented in four sections：1）the technologies of data collecting of shooting movement;2）the release conditions affecting the shooting results;3）the motion feature of segments of body and the perceptual characteristics;4）all kind of constraint conditions affecting on the shooting.The purpose of this study was to provide players and coachers with the critical components of shooting as well as to clear up the skeleton of previous studies about shooting for further researchs.It revealed that：1）The interaction of these multiple variables of release conditions affecting shooting results require us to take a comprehensive consideration of them to get association of the variables to be optimized;2）there are some differences of movement characteristics between successful and unsuccessful shots;3）elite basketball players were more excellent in some movement characteristics and perceptual characteristics when shooting;4）all kind of constraint conditions affected the control of body stability,the movement patterns,and the stability of shooting,thus lead to the poor hit ratio of shooting.

关 键 词：篮球 投篮 跳投 罚篮 运动特征 出手状态 

分 类 号：G841[文化科学—体育训练]