2005-2014年中国化妆品不良反应监测情况分析  

Adverse reactions to cosmetics： an analysis of surveillance data from 2005 to 2014 in China

作　　者：郝舒欣[1] 霍本兴[1] 刘悦[1] 姚孝元[1] 王秋水[1] 袁大勇[1] 刘婕[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100021

出　　处：《中华皮肤科杂志》2016年第1期26-31,共6页Chinese Journal of Dermatology

摘　　要：目的 了解中国化妆品不良反应发生情况及特点，为进一步监测工作提供依据。 方法 以2005—2014年全国13个监测机构报告的化妆品不良反应患者为调查对象，按照《化妆品皮肤病诊断标准及处理原则总则》等7项国家标准（GB17149.1 - 7-1997），收集性别、年龄、职业、文化程度、病变类型、化妆品种类等相关信息，并进行描述性统计分析。 结果 2005—2014年共报告13 534例化妆品不良反应患者，其中女性占95.40%，中青年患者（20 - 44岁）占80.85%。确诊病例5 446例，病变类型以化妆品不良反应接触性皮炎为主（94.66%），另有未包含在诊断标准中的其他病变类型132例；确诊病例涉及化妆品14 209个，化妆品种类以普通护肤类居多，进口类化妆品6 932个，略高于国产类化妆品。报告病例数2005—2009年呈上升趋势，年均增幅13.16%；2010—2014年呈下降趋势，年均下降17.96%。 结论 化妆品不良反应是一个复杂而重要的公共卫生问题，需要根据其特点采取有效的防治措施。Objective To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of adverse reactions to cosmetics in China, and to provide a basis for further supervision. Methods The diagnosis of adverse reactions to cosmetics was according to 7 national standards （GB17149.1 - 7-1997） including the ＂A general rule for the diagnosis and management of skin diseases induced by cosmetics＂. Data regarding gender, age, occupation, educational background, disease types, cosmetic types, and so on, were collected from patients with adverse reactions to cosmetics at 13 surveillance sites in China during 2005 - 2014. A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out. Results During 2005 - 2014, a total of 13 534 cases of adverse reactions to cosmetics were reported to the monitoring system. Of these cases, 95.40% （12 912/13 534） were female, and 80.85% were young or middle-aged （20 - 44 years）. Finally, 5 446 cases were confirmed to be adverse reactions to cosmetics, among which, 94.66% （5 155/5 466） were contact dermatitis to cosmetics, and 132 were other types that were not included in the ＂A general rule for the diagnosis and management of skin diseases induced by cosmetics＂. Among these confirmed cases, 14 209 cosmetic products were involved, and ordinary skin care products predominated in these products. The proportion of imported cosmetic products （48.79%, 6 932/14 209） was slightly higher than that of domestic products （43.21%, 6 139/14 209）. The number of reported cases increased by 13.16% per year from 2005 to 2009, but decreased by 17.96% per year from 2010 to 2014. Conclusion Adverse reactions to cosmetics are a complicated and important public health issue, and effective measures should be taken based on their characteristics.

关 键 词：化妆品 皮炎 接触性 药物毒性 监测 斑贴试验 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]