20世纪50年代中期的农业合作化危机与应对——基于皖西北的考察  

The Crisis of Agricultural Cooperatives and the Responses in the Mid-1950s——Based on the Investigation of the Northwestern Area of Anhui Province

作　　者：满永[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学科学研究院,副研究员201620

出　　处：《江苏社会科学》2016年第1期207-217,共11页Jiangsu Social Sciences

摘　　要：20世纪50年代的农业合作化,出现过两次波折。一是1955年春的"生产力暴动",二是1957年前后的"闹、退社"风潮。"生产力暴动"带来了短暂的合作社压缩与整顿,闹退社则催生了"现行犯"打击和社会主义教育。不同于压缩与整顿的政策调适,"现行犯"打击和社会主义教育都是乡村社会主义的保卫战。本文以皖西北史料为基础,以"现行犯"打击为中心,梳理这场乡村社会主义保卫战的来龙去脉,并借此讨论社会主义正当性塑造对乡村社会的影响。文章认为,经由刚柔相济的社会主义保卫战,政府在实现对乡村社会全面控制的同时,也钳制了异见之声,并使政府政策失去了在实践层面检讨反思的可能。The establishment of agricultural cooperatives in the 1950s took two turns. The first one is ＂the riot of productivity＂ in spring, 1955; the second is a storm of withdrawals from cooperatives around 1957, which caused attacks on active criminals and socialist education. The present paper, based on the data of the northwestern part of Anhui, centers on attacks on active criminals, figures out the whole context of this socialist defense of the rural areas, and discusses the influence of socialist validity on the rural society. The author argues that by means of the socialist defense, when it gained the comprehensive control of the rural so- ciety, the government, on the other hand, muzzled different opinions, losing the chances of reflecting on gov- ernment policies in practice.

关 键 词：农业合作化 退社 现行犯 社会主义教育 

分 类 号：F321.42[经济管理—产业经济]