基于复杂适应系统理论的城市规划  

Urban planning adapted to nature based on complex adaptive systems

作　　者：孙小涛[1] 徐建刚[2] 张翔[1] 胡宏[2] 林蔚[1] 李弘正 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京210046 [2]南京大学建筑与城市规划学院,南京210093

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第2期463-471,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51278239)

摘　　要：全球城市化的快速发展带来了诸如气候变化、海平面上升等一系列的问题,而这些问题的解决归根到底是人与自然如何相处的问题。回顾古代中国和西方哲学中关于人与自然关系的朴素整体论描述,认为近代以来西方自然科学以还原论为中心的方法已经不能很好地解决现实世界中的复杂性问题,城市是一个开放性复杂巨系统,是人类改造自然最彻底的地方,也是面临问题最多的地方。城市的发展是一个自然适应性演进的过程。在城市规划中引入复杂适应系统理论,结合复杂适应系统的7个基本特征,给出了城市复杂适应系统的基本特征,进一步将复杂城市系统分为物质和非物质两大子系统,探讨城市系统适应性主体的交互性、复杂性以及适应和过程机制。以山地城镇规划为例,建立了山地城镇适应性规划框架,并以此框架应用于福建省长汀县城市总体规划的应用实践中,得出城市规划适应自然是城市可持续发展的有效选择。Rapid global urbanization has led to a series of issues such as climate change and sea-level rise. The solution to such problems ultimately comes down to resolution of the conflict between man and nature. The philosophy of ancient China and the West presented a naive holistic description of the relationship between humans and nature, and whereas the reductionism-centric approach of modern Western science has been unable to solve the real-world complexities. Cities, which can be considered as giant complex open systems, wherein the entire range of human nature can be founds, are places facing many problems. Urban development is a natural-adaptive evolutionary process. Introduction of complex adaptive systems in urban planning, combined with the seven basic characteristics of complex adaptive systems, divides the complex city system into physical subsystem and non-physical subsystem. We discuss the relationship between adaptive agents, the complexity of adaptive agent, and adaptation mechanisms. As an example, we examine mountainous city planning, produce an adaptive planning framework for mountainous cities, and apply this framework to the Urban Master Plan of Changting, Fujian Province. The results demonstrate that urban planning that is adapted to nature is an effective approach to sustainable urban development.

关 键 词：城市规划 复杂适应系统 适应性主体 可持续发展 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]