黄河口岸线变迁对潮滩盐沼景观格局变化的影响  

Relationship between coastline changes and the landscape pattern heterogeneity of the salt marshes in the Yellow River Delta,China

作　　者：孙万龙[1,2,3] 孙志高[1,2] 卢晓宁[4] 王苗苗[4] 王伟[5] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学,地理研究所,湿润亚热带生态地理过程教育部重点实验室,福州350007 [2]中国科学院海岸带烟台海岸带研究所,烟台264003 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]成都信息工程学院,资源环境学院,成都610225 [5]鲁东大学,地理与规划学院,烟台264025

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第2期480-488,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371104,41171424,41103073);中国科学院“一三五”规划生态突破项目(Y254021031);中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-14);中国科学院人才专项(Y129091041)

摘　　要：基于2001、2005和2010年3期TM遥感影像,运用GIS技术,分析了黄河三角洲不同区士或(Ⅰ区,刁口段;Ⅱ区,东营港及临近岸段;Ⅲ区,河口段;Ⅳ区,南部莱州湾岸段)潮滩盐沼的景观演变与海岸线变迁的动因关系。结果表明,岸线变迁直接决定了潮滩盐沼面积的增长或缩减,但其在不同区域的影响程度差异较大。2001-2010年,Ⅰ区由于1976年以后刁口流路废弃、水沙输入量锐减导致其岸线持续蚀退,潮滩面积锐减明显(减少57.64 km^2,减少率25.94%);Ⅲ区由于1976年以后黄河由清水沟或清8汉入海,河口区域的持续淤积状态使得岸线持续增长,潮滩面积增加显著(增加66.17 km^2,增长率17.39%);而Ⅱ区由于海堤修建及港口建设等人类活动影响,岸线基本处于稳定状态,潮滩面积变化不大,Ⅳ区潮滩面积持续增加。不同区域潮滩盐沼景观格局随距海远近均呈明显带状分布,依次为芦苇盐沼、碱蓬-柽柳-芦苇盐沼、碱蓬盐沼和光滩。2001-2010年,不同景观类型之间存在明显转移,光滩、碱蓬盐沼和芦苇盐沼的面积持续减少(分别减少6.02、18.39和99.20 km^2,减少率为4.61%、12.86%和50.11%),碱蓬-柽柳-芦苇盐沼的面积整体呈增加趋势(增加35.50 km^2,增长率为24.99%)。研究发现,不同区域的景观类型均随岸线的淤积或蚀退而发生向海或向陆的演替,岸线变迁是影响不同区域潮滩盐沼景观格局的决定因素,而黄河调水调沙工程的长期实施对于近年来河口段岸线的变迁以及盐沼植被景观类型的演变具有深刻影响。Three TM remote-sensing images （2001, 2005, and 2010） were analyzed using GIS technology to identify the relationships between coastline changes and the landscape evolution of salt marshes in different sub-regions （ Ⅰ , Diaokou estuary sub-region; Ⅱ , Dongying harbor sub-region; Ⅲ, Current estuary sub-region; Ⅴ, Laizhou Bay sub-region） of the Yellow River Delta. The results showed that coastline change directly affected the increase or decrease of salt marshes in the coastal zone, but the influence intensities were considerably different in the four sub-regions. Between 2001 and 2010, the coastline in the Ⅰ sub-region was eroding due to the significant decrease in runoff and sediment loading due to the abandonment of the Diaokou channel in 1976. In this sub-region, the area of salt marsh decreased by approximately 57.64 km2, or of 20.10%. As the Yellow River changed its exit to the sea from Qingshuigou between1976 and 1996 to Qing 8 since 1996, the coastline in the Ⅲ sub-region has had a deposition and forward movement status due to the continuous runoff and sediment loading from the Yellow River. Between 2001 and 2010, the area of salt marsh increased by 66.17 km2, or 17.39%. Comparatively, the coastline and the area of salt marsh in the Ⅱ sub-region has barely changed due to the great human activities, such as seawall and harbor constructions. In the Ⅳ sub-region, the coastline also had a deposition and forward movement status between 2001 and 2010 and the area of salt marsh increased by 33.52 km2, or 95.22%. The landscape pattern showed obvious zonal distribution characteristics from the land to the sea, and the landscape types in a seaward direction were Phragmites australis salt marsh, Suaeda salsa-Tamarix chinensis-P, australis salt marsh, S. salsa salt marsh and mudflat, respectively. Between 2001 and 2010, significant changes to the different landscape types. The areas of mudflat, S.salsa salt marsh and P. australis salt marsh continuously decreased （the values decreased by 6.02

关 键 词：岸线变迁 黄河口 潮滩盐沼 景观格局 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学] P737.1