南麂列岛潮间带大型底栖动物群落优势种生态位  

Intertidal zone of the Nanji Islands is a niche for dominant species of the macrobenthic community

作　　者：汤雁滨[1] 廖一波[1] 寿鹿[1] 曾江宁[1] 高爱根[1] 陈全震[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室,国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,杭州310012

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第2期489-498,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家“973”项目(2010CB428903);海洋公益行业科研专项(201305009,201305043-3,200905011-2);浙江省海洋环保项目“温州海域大型海藻专项调查与藻类资源恢复示范”

摘　　要：为了解南麂列岛潮间带大型底栖动物的群落特征及其物种间相互作用情况,于2012年5月至2013年2月对南麂列岛保护区内的12个资源位点(潮间带3个潮区的4个季节采样)进行了调查。共采集和鉴定出大型底栖动物354种,其中,18个优势种分别隶属于3门5纲12科。通过对优势种生态位的宽度、重叠度和相似比例的分析,发现:1)带偏顶蛤Modiolus comptus、条纹隔贻贝Septifer virgatus和异须沙蚕Nereis heterocirrata的生态位宽度较宽,均大于0.9;白条地藤壶Euraphia withersi和白脊藤壶Fistulobalanus albicostatus的生态位宽度则较窄,均小于0.5。2)各优势种群的生态位重叠度较低而生态位相似比例较高,生态位宽度值较高的物种对其他物种的生态位重叠值和生态位相似比例也较高,反之则较低。3)Bray-Curtis相似性聚类分析和非度量多维尺度排序(NMDS)结果表明,这些优势种基本属于同一生态类群,没有表现出明显的群落差异。经分析,潮间带大型底栖动物各优势种生态位宽度的分化是由于其对环境的适应能力和迁移能力的不同所导致的,而生态位重叠度较低情况的出现主要是由于各物种占据潮间带上不同的潮区,减小了种间竞争的压力。Since 1917, when Grinnell proposed that niche breadth is the minimum unit of a population, the theory of ecological niches has persisted as one of the core ideas in the study of community composition and function, the relationships among various species, biodiversity, community, and population evolution. Ecologists use the term ＂ecological niche＂ to describe how organisms respond to, and in turn alter, the distribution of their resources and competitors. The metrics of niche overlap, breadth, and position play a central role in our understanding of an organismal community. The Nanji Archipelago Marine Nature Reserve is located in the southeast region of Zhejiang Province, China. It is a marine ecosystem reserve, aimed at protecting marine biodiversity. Specifically, the shellfish, algae, and the natural environment are the main targets for protection. To examine the characteristics of the macrobenthic community as well as the interactions between the macrobenthic species in the rocky intertidal zone of the Nanji Islands, organism assemblages in 4 septions of the Nanji Islands were investigated between May 2012 and February 2013. During the 10 months of research, 354 species were found, most of which were molluscs, annelids, and arthropods. In addition, dominance coefficient analysis identified 18 dominant species belonging to 3 different phyla, 5 classes, and 12 families. Every tidal zone in each season was treated as a resource state, and 12 such resource states were selected for further ecological niche analysis. Indices of the niche breadth,niche overlap, and niche proportional similarity were calculated based on the abundance of the dominant species. The values of the niche breadth indices for Modiolus comptus, Septifer virgatus, and Nereis heterocirrata were the highest （ greater than 0.9） , while those of Euraphia withersi and Fistulobalanus albicostatus were the lowest （lower than 0.5）. The values of for the niche overlap index of the macrobenthic community in the Nanji Islands were low. In con

关 键 词：:潮间带 大型底栖动物 优势种 生态位 种间竞争 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]