兔出血症研究  

STUDIES ON RABBIT HAEMORRHAGIC DISEASE

作　　者：杜念兴[1] 徐为燕[1] 刘胜江[1] 徐福南[1] 虞蕴如[1] 李汝俭[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1991年第1期1-10,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

摘　　要：一种新的病毒病——兔出血症(Rabbit Haemorrheagic Disease,RHD) 已被确认,其病原——兔出血症病毒(RHDV)首次在中国得到鉴定,RHDV为二十面体的小病毒,直径32-34nm,无囊腆,浮密度1.36-1.38g/cm^3,沉降系数162 S。核酸为ssDNA,线性,分子量2.4×10~6d,碱基的mol%为C=23.7、G=20.5、T=31.9、A=24,G+Cmol%为44.2,含4条结构多肽,分子量为VP_158-60kd、VP_254.7kd、VP_351-53kd和VP_426kd,能凝集人红细胞,抵抗乙醚、氯仿,对pH3和50℃60分钟稳定,能形成核内包涵体。据此,该病毒似可归于细小病毒属,为该属的一个新的有特殊个性的成员。 该病为一种急性烈性传染病,只侵害成年家兔,在易感兔中传播迅速,发病率和死亡率均极高,常引起毁灭性流行,人工接种多于24-72小时内死亡,以全身性出血和多发性血管内凝血为主要特征。临诊诊断的流行病学特点为:急性猝死,肺严重出血,肝充血、出血和坏死。用肝、脾等匀浆或血清作血凝(HA)和血凝抑制(HI)试验即可确诊镇病。脏器甲醛灭活疫苗能在3-4天内控制该病流行,免疫血清效果亦佳。由于预防接种、正确诊断和综合防治措施的贯彻执行,该病在我国已基本得到控制。The causative agent of rabbit haemorrhagic disease(RHD)was discovered and identiffed in 1984 in China. The rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is icosahedral, 32-34nm in diameter and non-enveloped, composed of 32 capsomers, with a core measuring 17-23nm. In thin sections of liver, lung, and kidney from infected rabbits, accumulated and scattered virions can be seen beth in nuclei and cytoplasm. The buoyant density is 1.36-1.38g/cm^3 in CsCl and the sedimentation coefficiont is 162 S.The nucleic acid of RHDV is single-stranded DNA, non-segmented and linear, with a length of 1.90μm and molecular weight of 2.4×10~6. The mol percentages of the four bases constituting the nucleic acid are:C=23.7, G=20.5, T=31.9, A=24.0, and G+Cmol%=44.2. There are 4 viral polypeptides, with molecular weights of VP_1=58-60kd, VP_2 =54.7kd, VP_3=51-53kd, and VP_4 =26kd. The virus can agglutinate human RBC of any blood group, with very high HA titres. It can resist the treatment of ether and chloroform, and is stable at pH 3.0 or 50℃. Nuclear inclusion bodies can be seen in liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and brain cells of infected rabbits. It'is suggested that this virus may be a new member of parvovirus, with unique properties.RHD is a disastrous infectious disease, affecting only adult rabbits and spreading readily among susceptible flocks, with very high morbidity and mortality. In experimental infections, most rabbits die within 24-72 hours, characterized by systematic haemorrhages and multiple vascular thrombi.If the disease course prolong, the principal lestons are necrotic foci in liver.Clinical diagnosis is based on epidemiology, sudden death, severe baemorrhages in lung, and hyperaemia, haemorrhages and necrosis in liver. HA and HI tests have been used to detect the viral antigens in liver, spleen, serum and other tissues. Besides, several serological tests are also developed. Formalinized tissue vaccine can stop the spread of the disease in 3-4 days, and the effect of antiserum is also satisfactory.Because of the succes

关 键 词：兔出血症 RHDV 细小病毒属 血凝 

分 类 号：S858.291[农业科学—临床兽医学]