纳米伊／蒙黏土对水体中重金属的吸附去除效果  

Application of Nano Illite/Smectite Clay for Adsorptive Removal of Metals in Water

作　　者：张兰河[1] 苑亚会 颜增光[2] 周友亚[2] 张超艳[2] 黄岩 徐猛[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北电力大学化学工程学院,吉林吉林132012 [2]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [3]中科纳达控股股份有限公司,北京100089

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2016年第1期115-123,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271492);中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室开放课题(SKLECRA2014OFP07);国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD14B02)

摘　　要：为明确纳米伊/蒙黏土(下称伊/蒙黏土)作为修复材料在去除水体重金属方面的应用潜力,研究了伊/蒙黏土对水体中Ni^(2+)、Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的去除效果与吸附规律,并通过小麦水培试验分析伊/蒙黏土降低水体重金属在小麦地上部分的累积和缓解重金属对小麦的毒害效应等效果.结果表明:伊/蒙黏土可以吸附去除水体中的Ni^(2+)、Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+),当水体中ρ(Ni^(2+))、ρ(Cu^(2+))和ρ(Cd^(2+))分别为5、10、2 mg/L时,添加2%(以w计)的伊/蒙黏土对3种重金属的去除率均达到95%以上.伊/蒙黏土对重金属的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,对Ni^(2+)、Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的理论最大吸附量分别为2.13、8.52和1.56 mg/g.在培养液中添加2%伊/蒙黏土可降低小麦对Ni^(2+)、Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的累积富集,缓解重金属对小麦生长的毒害效应.研究显示,纳米伊/蒙黏土可有效去除水体中的Ni^(2+)、Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+),并缓解其对小麦的毒性,因此其在修复水体重金属污染、恢复水环境生态功能方面具有潜在的应用前景.In order to determine the potential application of a newly developed adsorptive material Nano Illite/Smectite （I/S） clay in the adsorptive removal of metals in water, hydroponic experiments were carried out to investigate the efficiency and characteristics of I/S clay in removing cadmium （Cd^2＋）, copper （Cu^2＋） and nickel （Ni^2＋） from water. Meanwhile, hydroponics experiments were used to evaluate the effectiveness of I/S clay in reducing metal accumulation in wheat, and thus alleviating the toxicity of metals to wheat seedling growth. The results showed that Cd^2＋, Cu^2＋ and Ni^2＋ could be effectively adsorbed and removed by the Nano I/S clay in water. The removal rates of Ni^2＋, Cu^2＋ and Cd^2＋ by 2% Nano I/S clay were all over 95% in waters contaminated with 5,0 and 2 mg/L of Ni^2＋, Cu^2＋ and Cd^2＋, respectively. The absorption isotherms were fitted well with Langmuir models, and the maximum adsorption capacities were 2.13 mg/kg （Ni^2＋）, 8.52 mg/kg （Cu^2＋） and 1.56 mg/kg （Cd^2＋）. Addition of 2% I/S clay in metal-contaminated hydroponics solutions reduced the accumulation of Ni^2＋, Cu^2＋ and Cd^2＋ in wheat shoots, and therefore alleviated metal toxicity to wheat seedling growth. Nano I/S could effectively remove Ni^2＋, Cu^2＋ and Cd^2＋ in water and then alleviate the toxicity of metals to wheat seedling growth, and may have potential in the remediation of metal-contaminated water and the restoration of water ecological function.

关 键 词：纳米材料 伊/蒙黏土 重金属 修复 水体污染 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]