处理铌钽矿的冶金技术进展概况  

Metallurgical Progress of Niobium-Tantalum Extraction

作　　者：高文成[1] 温建康[1] 武彪[1] 尚鹤[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京有色金属研究总院生物冶金国家工程实验室,北京100088

出　　处：《稀有金属》2016年第1期77-84,共8页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家科技部"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAB10B00);中国博士后科学基金项目(2014M560922)资助

摘　　要：稀有金属铌钽及其化合物具有耐高温、耐腐蚀、易加工等优良性能,用途极为广泛,在化工、冶金、材料等研究领域备受重视,有着较高的工业应用价值。随着铌钽产品需求量的不断增大,其冶金技术也在不断发展。从铌钽精矿的制备开始,较为全面地介绍了处理铌钽矿常用的冶金技术方法及技术路线,并对目前铌钽冶金的研究进展进行了概括总结。根据分解介质不同,铌钽冶金技术主要可分为酸法、碱法和氯化法等。其中,酸法主要包括氢氟酸法和硫酸法,碱法可分为碱熔法、碱性水热法和亚熔盐法等。较为详细地介绍了这些方法的主要工艺路线及各自的优缺点,在此基础上针对我国当前铌钽矿品位低、难分解的特点提出了合理性建议,并对我国铌钽行业的未来发展趋势进行了讨论。研究表明开发高效提取铌钽资源的无氟化生产工艺是铌钽冶金工业当今研究热点及未来发展方向。Due to the high refractoriness, excellent chemical inertness and ease of processing, niobium and tantalum, two kinds of rare metals, have been widely applied to make a variety of advanced materials in research areas of chemical engineering, metallurgy and material, and have important industrial application. With the requirements of niobium-tantalum products increasing, their metallur- gical extraction technologies are on progress. The frequently used methods and technologies for niobium-tantalum metallurgical extrac- tion were generally introduced and roundly summarized from the beginning of the preparation of niobium-tantalum concentrate ores. Ac- cording to the different decomposition media, the process could be classified as acid leaching, alkali leaching and chlorination etc. The acid leaching mainly involved the hydrofluoric acid process and sulfuric acid leaching, while the alkali leaching contained alkali fusion decomposition process, hydrothermal treatment, and sub-molten salt method. The principles, merits and drawbacks of these approaches were shown in detail. Some suggestions were proposed to handle with the low-grade ore in China, and the tendency of niobium-tantalum industry was also discussed. The current researches showed that fluoride-free technique of niobium-tantalum extraction with high effi- ciency was the hot spot at present and would also be the development direction in the future.

关 键 词：铌钽 冶金技术 酸法 碱法 氯化法 

分 类 号：TF111.311[冶金工程—冶金物理化学]