水力加砂压裂试验装置的研制及应用  

Development and application of experimental apparatus of hydraulic sand fracturing

作　　者：徐峰[1] 杨春和[1,2] 郭印同[1] 王磊[1] 魏元龙[2] 侯振坤[2] 卞晓冰[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430071 [2]煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室(重庆大学),重庆400044 [3]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油工程技术研究院,北京100101

出　　处：《岩土工程学报》2016年第1期187-192,共6页Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51574218);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB10040200);中国石化科技攻关项目:涪陵区块页岩气层改造技术研究(P14091);国家高技术研究发展计划("863")项目(2013AA064800)

摘　　要：为研究非常规天然气开采过程中支撑剂的运移规律,自主研发水力加砂压裂试验装置。该装置主要由岩石三轴试验机、压裂液泵压伺服控制系统、声发射监测系统3个部分组成,且具有以下特点:1可以模拟不同地应力、不同排量条件下携砂压裂试验;2压裂液注入可以通过流量模式和压力模式控制;3改进的声发射探头具有耐高油压性能,能够用于三轴室内。采用该装置进行了不同地应力、不同排量以及携砂条件下水力压裂试验,结果显示:地压力越大、排量越大红色砂岩起裂压力越大;携砂压裂后的压裂面离裸眼越远,支撑剂浓度越低且支撑剂并不是遍布所有压裂面;声发射累计计数在初期比较稳定,呈线性增加,在起裂前迅速增多。In order to study the transport rules of propping agent in unconventional gas exploration, an apparatus of hydraulic sand fracturing is developed. It is mainly composed of rock triaxial testing machines, servo control system of hydraulic fracturing pump and acoustic emission text system. The advantages of the apparatus are illustrated as follows：（1） Hydraulic sand fracturing tests are able to be implemented under different formation stresses and pump rates.（2） Fracturing fluid injection is controlled by means of the pump rate or pump pressure.（3） AE sensor is improved for pressure-resistance, which can be used in triaxial cell. A series of hydraulic fracturing tests are performed under a combination of different formation stresses, different pump rates and fracturing fluid with sand conditions by this apparatus. The results show that the larger the formation pressure and the higher the pump rate, the larger the initiation pressure in red sandstone. The further distance the hydraulic sand fracturing surface off the open hole, the lower the concentrations of agent. But the local part has no propping agent. AE cumulative hits linearly relate with the time at the initial stage and increase rapidly while the sandstone approaches failure.

关 键 词：水力加砂压裂 试验装置 起裂压力 支撑剂 声发射 

分 类 号：TU411[建筑科学—岩土工程]