沼肥与化肥配施对东北不同株型玉米叶片光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Biogas Manure and Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Different Maizes in Northeast China

作　　者：曾繁星[1] 魏湜[1,2] 顾万荣[1,2] 李晶[1,2] 杨振芳[1] 王泳超[1] 杨可攀 马春梅[1,2] 祁晓龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学农学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]农业部东北地区作物栽培科学观测实验站,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2016年第1期16-24,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD14B060108);东北农业大学大学生SIPT创新创业训练项目(201410224065)~~

摘　　要：为探究沼肥与化肥不同比例配施对2种不同株型春玉米光合参数及产量的影响。以平展型玉米‘丰禾1号’和紧凑型玉米‘郑单958’为试验材料,设置5个不同沼肥与化肥配施处理,采用大田小区试验,研究其对不同株型玉米叶绿素荧光参数、叶面积指数、SPAD值及产量的影响。结果表明,沼肥化肥配施处理后,2种株型玉米的光系统Ⅱ反应中心(PSⅡ)最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)及PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/F0)升高,初始荧光(F0)值下降,叶面积指数和SPAD值上升,且变化幅度均为80%沼肥与20%化肥配施处理最大。与‘丰禾1号’相比,沼肥化肥配施处理对紧凑型玉米‘郑单958’的作用效果更为明显,显著增加其PSⅡ内部光合转换效率、潜在活性和叶片光合面积,并延长其光合作用时间。产量构成因素表现为80%沼肥与20%化肥配施处理的2个品种穗长、穗粗、百粒质量显著增加。‘丰禾1号’和‘郑单958’在合理的沼肥与化肥配施处理下,产量分别达到9 367.82kg/hm2和11 145.39kg/hm2,对比单施化肥处理分别增产29.56%和34.96%。The purpose of this experiment is to study the effects of proportional application of biogas manure and fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of two different spring maize varieties in northeast China.Field trials were conducted to investigate the effects of 5different proportional applications of biogas manure and fertilizer on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,leaf area index,SPAD value and yield of two different maize（flat type,‘Fenghe No.1＇;compact type,‘Zhengdan958＇）varieties.The results showed that combined application of biogas manure and fertilizer increased chlorophyll maximal quantum yield of PSⅡ photochemistry（Fv/Fm）,potential activities of PSⅡ（Fv/F0）,leaf area index and SPAD value,and decreased initial fluorescence（F0）of two maize varieties,the biggest change range of these indicators appeared under the treatment of combined application of 80% biogas manure and 20%fertilizer.Comparing with ‘Fenghe No.1＇,the combined application of biogas manure and fertilizer had better effects on compact type‘Zhengdan 958＇,it significantly improved light energy conversion of PSII（Fv/Fm）,potential activities of PSⅡ（Fv/F0）and photosynthetic area,and markedly extended photosynthesis time.The treatment of combined application of 80% biogas manure and 20% fertilizer significantly increased yield component parameters of ear length,ear diameter and hundred kernel mass.As to‘Fenghe No.1＇and‘Zhengdan 958＇,it was in the reasonable treatment of combined application of biogas manure and fertilizer that they yield the highest,which its yield reached 9 367.82kg/hm2 and 11 145.39kg/hm2,compared with single application of fertilizer,increased yield by 29.56% and 34.96%.

关 键 词：沼肥 春玉米 株型 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]