南沙群岛西南部海域和北部湾口海域底层游泳动物多样性  

Diversity of demersal nekton in the southwestern sea of the Nansha Islands and the mouth of Beibu Bay

作　　者：李渊[1,2] 张静[3,2] 张然 宋普庆[1] 钟指挥[1] 王燕平[1] 林龙山[1] 窦硕增[4] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所海洋生物与生态实验室,福建厦门361005 [2]福建省海洋渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,福建厦门361021 [3]集美大学水产学院,福建厦门361021 [4]中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2016年第1期177-187,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：全球变化与海气相互作用专项(GASI-02-SCS-YSWspr;GASI-02-SCS-YSWaut);国家自然科学基金委员会–山东省人民政府联合资助海洋科学研究中心项目(U1406403);福建省海洋渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室开放基金资助项目

摘　　要：根据2012—2013年在南沙群岛西南部和北部湾口海域进行的秋季和春季两个航次的调查资料,分析了这两个区域游泳动物的种类组成,计算渔获种类的相对重要性指数(IRI)、Margalef种类丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Weiner种类多样性指数(H′)、Pielou均匀度指数(J′)和资源密度。结果表明,南海调查海域春秋两个航次的渔获物中,共鉴定出游泳动物663种,隶属于4纲36目171科374属;其中鱼类为504种,占所有渔获种类的76.0%。优势种种数较少,且季节变化较大。春季游泳动物的多样性指数高于秋季,这主要是由于春季出现大量补充群体,并且有许多种类在秋季向较深海区移动所造成的。南沙群岛西南部海域游泳动物多样性指数高于北部湾口海域,这可能是由于南沙群岛西南部海域受水温和洋流的影响较大所造成的。目前,南海北部渔业资源处于过度捕捞状态,资源结构呈现小型化和低值化。对南北海域资源调查结果进行比较发现,南沙群岛西南部海域资源相对较好。应合理开发利用该海域渔业资源,同时加强物种多样性的保护工作。We performed a fixed-point survey in the southwestern sea of the Nansha Islands （SS） and the mouth of Beibu Bay （SN） in the South China Sea from 2012 to 2013. Catch species composition, the index of relative im- portance of each species, the Margalef richness index, the Shannon-Weiner diversity index, the Pielou evenness index, and the relative density of resources were calculated. We identified 663 species in four classes, 36 orders, 171 families, and 374 genera from catch resources in researched areas of the South China Sea. A total of 504 fish species were detected, which accounted for 76.0% of the catch. The number of dominant species in autumn was higher than that in spring, and the number of species captured in the SS was higher than that caught in the SN, with obvious seasonal fluctuations. All diversity indices were higher during the spring than those during the au- tumn because supplemental groups occurred in spring and many species moved to deep sea in autumn. However, all diversity indices in the SS were higher than those in the SN owing to greater effects of sea temperature and currents in the SS. Fisheries resources in the northern South China Sea were highly overfished, making the fishery resource smaller compared with historical fishery resource data. Fisheries resources in the SS were supposed to be reasonably exploited under nationally supported policies with better relative stock density. Stability of the South China Sea fishery is based on high species diversity; therefore, it is important to reasonably exploit the fisheries resources while protecting species diversity.

关 键 词：南海 游泳动物 物种多样性 相对重要性指数 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]