套作糯玉米对西兰花连作田土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响  

Effects of intercropping with waxy maize on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity of continuous broccoli field

作　　者：张学鹏[1] 曹玉博 宁堂原[1] 方倩囡 徐子雯[1] 韩惠芳[1] 李增嘉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业部作物水分生理与抗旱种质改良作物重点实验室/山东省作物生物学重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2016年第1期149-157,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001和201503121-05);科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B07);山东省科技发展计划项目(2014GNC111007);山东农业大学学生发展性项目(nxyfzzz1401)资助

摘　　要：本文研究了套作糯玉米(Zea mays L.sinensis Kulesh)及其秸秆还田的种植模式下土壤生物活性的变化,以明确套作模式和秸秆还田减缓西兰花连作田连作障碍的效果。以西兰花单作为对照,设置西兰花套作糯玉米且糯玉米秸秆还田-西兰花(B/MR-B)、西兰花套作糯玉米且糯玉米秸秆不还田-西兰花(B/M-B)、西兰花-西兰花(B-B),共3个处理,分别测定土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)以及脲酶、蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性。结果表明:套作并秸秆还田有效提升MBC和MBN,玉米和西兰花共生阶段后期MBC和MBN较高;套作并秸秆还田可有效提高土壤脲酶、中性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性,促进有机养分的转化和有效化;秸秆还田前期胁迫作物分泌过氧化氢,导致土壤过氧化氢酶活性升高,套作处理可有效减缓土壤中过氧化氢的累积。相关分析表明,MBC与脲酶、蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶显著相关或极显著正相关,MBN与脲酶、蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶极显著正相关。套作并秸秆还田可改善西兰花连作田土壤生态环境,在一定程度上有效缓解西兰花连作障碍。Using continuous cropping as a contrast, the effects of different intercropping patterns of waxy maize and maize straw returning on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities were studied. The aim was to know how intercropping and maize straw returning benefit for solving continuous cropping obstacle problems in vegetable fields. Three treatments were used, including relay-inter- cropping mode of broccoli and waxy maize with waxy maize straw returning （ B/MR-B ）, relay- intercropping mode of broccoli and waxy maize without waxy maize straw returning （ B/M-B ）, broccoli continuous cropping （B-B）. The activities of soil urease, sucrase, neutral phosphatase and catalase, and soil microbial biomass carbon （MBC） and nitrogen（MBN） were analyzed. Relay-intercropping with straw returning increased MBC and MBN, especially during the later co- existence period of maize and broccoli. Moreover, the activities of urease, neutral phosphatase and invertase were increased, and the transformation of organic nutrients in the soil was im- proved. Hydrogen peroxide was secreted by crop roots in the early stage of residues incorporation, which increased the activity of catalase. The intercroDoing system may have the potential to de-crease the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the soil. Soil urease activity, sucrase activity, neutral phosphatase activity and catalase activity had significant positive correlations with MBC. Soil urease activity, sucrase activity, neutral phosphatase activity had signif/cant positive correla- tions with MBN. Therefore, relay-intercropping with straw returning can improve soil environment and reduce continuous cropping obstacles to some extent.

关 键 词：套作 秸秆还田 连作障碍 土壤微生物生物量碳 土壤微生物生物量氮 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S635.3