利用^(137)Cs大气沉降通量估算土壤侵蚀速率的可行性研究——以辽东湾地区为例  

A feasibility research on soil erosion rate by using ^(137)Cs atmospheric deposition: A case study of Liaodong Bay

作　　者：张克新[1] 潘少明[1] 徐仪红[1] 曹立国[1] 郝永佩[1] 吴孟孟 任珊[1] 黄亚楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院海岸与海岛开发教育部重点实验室,南京210023

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2016年第1期269-274,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271289;41501286和41230751)资助

摘　　要：利用日本东京和秋田地区1957—2008年的^(137)Cs年沉降数据和降水数据,对辽东湾地区^(137)Cs的大气沉降通量进行估算;通过建立模型,对用^(137)Cs大气沉降通量来估算土壤侵蚀速率的可行性进行分析。结果表明:辽东湾地区^(137)Cs的大气总沉降通量为1614 Bq·m^(-2);利用该值估算出该区域的年均土壤侵蚀速率为17.39~38.92 t·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),而采用杨浩等(2000)的质量平衡模型估算出该地区年均土壤侵蚀速率为11.97~44.94 t·hm^(-2)·a^(-1);本文计算结果的变异系数为30.5%,低于杨浩等(2000)估算结果的变异系数49%。本文所采用的方法得出的结果与实测大气沉降通量背景值(1845 Bq·m^(-2))得出的结果进行t检验表明,两种方法估算的结果没有显著性差异,说明采用^(137)Cs大气沉降通量来估算土壤侵蚀速率是可行的,有利于简化估算土壤侵蚀速率的方法并提高其精度。Anthropogenic radionuclide 137Cs released from atmospheric nuclear tests, major nu- clear reactor accidents, and other sources can be detected in the environment in most parts of the world. In this paper, we investigated the 137Cs atmospheric deposition in the Liaodong Bay based on the records of t37cs atmospheric deposition and precipitation in Tokyo and Akita in Japan. Ad- ditionally, a practical method for soil erosion rate was studied by using 137Cs atmospheric deposi- tion and developing a model. The results indicated that the cumulative atmospheric deposition in- ventory of 137Cs was estimated to be 1614 Bq · m-/（deeay corrected to 2009） from 1957 to 2008 in the Liaodong Bay. The value of 137C8 atmospheric deposition can be seen as the reference in- ventory to estimate for the soil erosion rate. The average soil erosion rate ranged from 17.39- 38.92 t· hm-1 a-1 computed by the 137Cs atmospheric deposition. However, the average soil e- rosion rate ranged from 11.97-44.94 t ·hm-2 ·a-t using the local reference inventory. This is mainly because we had considered the 137C8 atmospheric dry deposition since 1964 and the 137Cs cumulative atmospheric deposition after 1990, thus, leading to the average result higher than that of Yang et al. （2000）. Additionally, the variation coefficient （30.5%） was lower than that （49%） by Yang et al. （2000）. This indicated that the dispersion of using the method in present study was also lower than in previous studies. Statistical analysis of the erosion rate derived from the two methods does not show significant difference, which demonstrated that the 137Cs atmos- pheric deposition is a feasible way to estimate the soil erosion rate.

关 键 词：137Cs 大气沉降通量 土壤侵蚀速率 辽东湾 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]