民主的悖论:20世纪40年代甘肃乡镇保长民选及其异化  

A Paradox of Democratization: the Democratic Elections of Town-chief in Gansu during the period of 1940s

作　　者：柳德军[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学近代中国研究所,山西太原030006

出　　处：《安徽史学》2016年第1期83-92,共10页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"南京国民政府甘肃保甲制度与基层社会控制研究"(13BZS061)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：抗战后国民政府迫于舆论压力,开始沿承总理遗教,实施"宪政"统治。为了使其宪政之治初备民主色彩,国民政府决定将乡镇保长的产生模式由委派制转变为选举制。甘肃乡镇保长民选亦在国民政府的一再催促下于1945年开始实施,然因其地僻处西陲,财力、人力均极缺乏,民众思想陈陋痼弊,乡镇保长民选一开始便举步艰难。加之内战的爆发和田赋兵役的持续加重进一步加剧了村民与乡镇保长的矛盾,乡镇保长职位不再成为乡村精英竞逐的对象,随选即辞或被迫就任者屡见不鲜,本欲借助选举以提高乡镇保长素质的民选制度却进一步加剧了乡村权力结构的失衡。面对乡镇保长群体性劣化和乡村秩序的紊乱,甘肃省政府在内战尾歇之际被迫将乡镇保长的产生模式再次由选举回溯为委派。乡镇保长民选的异化及最终失败的结局,宣告了国民政府在天时、地利、人和均处不利的时境下试图通过民主的幻象来挽救日趋消亡的政治声誉,其结果只能是一场民主的滥觞。After the Anti - Japanese War, the Nationalist Government inherited the triple demise of Sun Yat - sen and be- gan to implement the constitutional democracy under the public pressure. In order to make the preparation of constitutionalism democracy, National Government decided to turn the appointment system into election system for finding qualified town - chief. In 1945 ,Gansu also started to elect town - chief because of the National Government＇ s repeatedly urged. Gansu＇ s ground is remote in the northwest China, economic situation and rural elite are extremely lacking, people＇ s thinking was backward, there- fore town - chief was hardly elected in these small towns and villages. Coupled with the outbreak of civil war and increasing land tax for military service, it further exacerbated the conflict between villagers and town - chief. The position of town - chief was no longer contested objects for the rural elite. It was not uncommon town - chief resigned the position or was forced to work. They had wanted to use this election to improve the quality of town - chief,but it became imbalance of rural power struc- ture. Facing with unqualified of town - chief and disordered in the towns, Gansu Provincial Government was forced to appoint the leader again at the end of the civil war. With the failure of election system for town - chief in town,it declared that it was just the democratic illusion at last for the Government which were in the adverse circumstances trying to save the reputation of nationalist party.

关 键 词：国民政府时期 乡镇保长 民主选举 甘肃省政府 

分 类 号：K265.9[历史地理—历史学] K266.9[历史地理—中国史]