从中国文明化历程研究看国家起源的若干理论问题  

Some Theoretical Issues about the Origin of the State Viewed from the Chinese Civilization Course Research

作　　者：李伯谦[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2016年第1期5-9,共5页The Central Plains Culture Research

摘　　要："古史辨"运动兴起后,为找到自己真正的古史,学界开启了从考古学上探索中国文明化的历程。由酋邦,到王国,再到帝国,构成了古代中国从文明、国家的起源、形成、发展到衰亡的全过程。回顾这一过程,可以清楚地看到,国家是阶级斗争的工具,是阶级斗争发展到不可调和时才出现的强制性机构,但它也具有随着社会复杂化而提出的社会管理和保持社会运转的职能。地区不同,环境不同,文化传统也不一样,不同地区不同文化背景下出现的国家也必然会有一些不同的特点,甚至遵循不同的发展模式。研究中国国家的起源、形成和发展,应该将之放在中国所处的特定地理自然环境中,放在中国社会所处的特定文化格局中。After the rise of the ＂Ancient History Debate＂ movement, in order to find its own real history, the academic circles opened the exploration of the Chinese civilization course from the archaeology. From the chiefdom, to kingdom and then to empire, it constituted the ancient China＇s whole course from the origin, formation, development to decline of both its civilization and state. Reviewing this course, it could be seen clearly that the state is both the tool of class struggle and the mandatory institute appeared when the class struggles were developed to the uncompromising state, but it also bad the function of social management and keeping society operation put forward with the social complexity. The regions were different, the environments were different and the cultural traditions were different, so the states appeared in the different regions and different cultural backgrounds were sure to have some different characteristics, even followed the different development modes. To study the origin, formation and development of the Chinese nation, we should place it in the specific geographical and natural environment in which China was located, and the specific cultural pattern in which the Chinese community was located.

关 键 词：酋邦 王国 帝国 文明化 国家起源 

分 类 号：K85[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]